New quality productivity is a product of the leap of social productivity to a higher level, and has a specific function in promoting common prosperity for all people. New quality productivity consolidates the material foundation of common prosperity in the process of promoting the economic and social development, promotes regional coordinated development through optimized allocation of production factors, and builds a strong social security for common prosperity through the joint construction and sharing of achievements by the whole people, enhancing the quality of common prosperity through high-quality development. Due to the constraints of development conditions, there are still some problems in the process of empowering common prosperity with new quality productivity. The insufficient and uncoordinated development of technological innovation limits the role of new quality productivity in promoting common prosperity, and the potential risks of the“technological divide”raises concerns about the widening of social inequality. The infiltration of technological elements into social life poses challenges to the common prosperity of spiritual life. Therefore, it is necessary to attach importance to the formation and cultivation of new quality productive forces, cultivate the supporting forces for common prosperity through high-level technological self-reliance, accelerate the formation of new production relations, strengthen the industrial foundation for common prosperity, cultivate the spiritual foundation of common prosperity in cultural development and technological governance, and give full play to the positive function of new quality productive forces in promoting common prosperity.

Green productivity is the green essence of new quality productivity, the practical innovation of high-quality development, and the productivity paradigm of building a beautiful China. The dynamic evolution of“natural productivity -- social productivity -- green productivity”marks a brand new theoretical form of the factor hierarchy of the productivity system under the new historical conditions. The green lifestyle is the confirmation of the value orientation of green productivity, clarifying the ecological endowment of real people, the ecological orientation of comprehensive human development, and the ecological interaction of green productivity. In the historical field of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, green productivity logically demonstrates the coordinated development of laborers, labor objects, and labor tools, and dialectically presents the ontological orientation of people’s happy life and beautiful ecological environment. The construction of ecological civilization is the establishment of a practical approach for green productivity, which must achieve an organic connection and virtuous cycle of“sensible”principles,“tangible”construction, and “effective” beauty. Elucidating green productivity can not only deeply grasp the theoretical methods of building ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics in the new era, but also help promote the practical vision of building a beautiful China.

In the current new situation, with the rapid development of digital technology and the demand for green and low-carbon transformation, the global industrial chain is undergoing new changes, and digital technology has become a key force in promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of the global industrial chain. On the basis of defining the connotation of green and low-carbon in the global industrial chain, this paper explores how digital technology empowers the global industrial chain with green and low-carbon through the integration and sharing effect, precise allocation effect, and collaborative innovation effect. However, at present, the empowerment of green and low-carbon global industrial chains by digital technology still faces practical challenges, such as insufficient depth of digital technology integration, low degree of supply-demand matching in the global industrial chain, and increased difficulties in collaborative innovation. Therefore, in order to better promote the empowerment of global industrial chains with green and low-carbon digital technology, it is necessary to improve the integration standard system and deepen the application of digital technology, narrow the digital technology gap and improve the precise allocation capability of the global industrial chain, establish a sound intellectual property protection system and promote collaborative innovation in the global industrial chain.

Using the provincial panel data of 2011-2021 to measure the level of data element market allocation in China’s provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities), and combining the micro data of listed companies, this paper explores the impact of the market-oriented allocation of data elements on the quantity and quality of enterprise innovation and its mechanism. The findings show that the market-oriented allocation of data elements can enhance the quantity and quality of enterprise innovation. This conclusion remains robust even after conducting tests for robustness and endogeneity. The heterogeneity analysis show that the market-oriented allocation of data elements has a greater enhancement effect on the innovation quantity of the non-state-owned and highly competitive enterprises, as well as on the innovation quality of the large-scale and highly competitive enterprises. In regions with lower levels of marketization, the market-oriented allocation of data elements has a greater enhancement effect on the quality of enterprise innovation. The mechanism tests shows that the market-oriented allocation of data elements can enhance the quantity and quality of enterprise innovation through the innovation collaboration effect and digital transformation effect. Further analysis shows that the enhancement effect of the market-oriented allocation of data elements on both the quantity and quality of enterprise innovation are jointly driven by capital elements and innovation efficiency. The market-oriented allocation of data elements can enhance enterprise total factor productivity, however, there exists a time lag in the impact of innovation quality on the total factor productivity. Therefore, the government should attach importance to the value attributes of data, implement the application of data elements according to enterprise policies, focus on the internal and external innovation environment of enterprises, and leverage the synergistic effect of data and other elements, so as to achieve the promotion of market-oriented allocation of data elements on enterprise innovation and development..

Based on the development goals of the 14th Five Year Plan, a high-quality development model for the basic medical security is constructed. Taking 31 provinces as cases and combining a qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), this paper explores the path to achieve high-quality development of basic medical security. Finally, two implementation paths are obtained, namely the 5-dimensional linkage type and the 4-dimensional linkage type. The findings show that the high-quality development of basic medical security is influenced by the synergistic effects of multiple dimensions and variables. Moderate security, strengthened legislation, online services, and collaborative security are necessary conditions for promoting high-quality development. At present, there are relatively fewer provinces that have reached a high-quality development level, and there is a lack of policy settings and practices related to security dimensions. It is recommended to refer to the two linkage paths and draw on the successful experiences of the provinces with high-quality development, formulate flexible policy combinations according to local conditions, take moderate security, strengthened legislation, network services, and ensured coordination as the top priority, improve security dimensions, and attach importance to fund security and data security.

Based on the related data from the China Statistical Yearbook (2012-2023), this study conducts an analysis of the income and expenditure of the urban and rural resident pension insurance fund and the status of insured population in Fujian Province. The findings reveal that the expenditure risk of the urban and rural resident pension insurance fund in Fujian Province is relatively higher, and the per capita benefit level has remained below the national average. Despite the overall aging level of Fujian Province’s population being lower than the national level, its aging degree of the insured population in the urban and rural resident pension insurance is higher than the national average, indicating that the urban and rural resident pension insurance in Fujian is facing the risk of“systemic aging.”Furthermore, by applying the Grey-Markov combined model, it forecasts and analyzes the financial income and expenditure of the urban and rural resident pension insurance fund in Fujian Province, the results show that the current fund income and expenditure are still in a surplus state, but the current surplus rate is declining. This suggests that Fujian’s urban and rural resident pension insurance may face the risk of insufficient funds to cover the expenditures in the future. Therefore, it is recommended that the relevant departments strengthen the management of fund income and expenditure, strive to improve the level of fund income, continuously observe the trend of changes in the number of insured persons, adjust strategies in a timely manner to adapt to changes in population structure, effectively prevent and control the risk of fund income and expenditure imbalance, and ensure the sustainable development of the basic pension insurance system for urban and rural residents in Fujian Province.

Based on 5609 rural labor sample data from the 2018 China Labor Force Dynamic Survey, this study investigates the impact of public employment services, represented by vocational skills training, on the income of rural labor force and its mechanism. Research has found that at the individual level, participating in vocational skills training can significantly increase the income of farmers, and that at the national level, the vocational skills training subsidies can ensure the supply of public employment services, which has significantly increased the income of farmers. This conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests, indicating that public employment services has not only achieved“success through learning”at the individual level, but also achieved“effective subsidies”at the national level. The mechanism analysis shows that the income growth of rural labor force can be promoted by public employment services through enhancing their human capital, digital capital, and social capital. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that the income increasing effect of rural young labor force receiving vocational skills training is the most significant. Compared to the self-employed rural labor, the farming and employee groups need to receive public employment services more. Due to the disadvantaged terrain and relatively weak industrial foundation, mountainous areas require preferential policies for public employment services at the national level. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen the effective connection between industrial integration and employment services and expand local employment channels, enhance the level of digital infrastructure and information technology construction and narrow the employment information gap, and establish and improve the quality system of rural vocational skills training and enhance the efficiency of training output.

Doing a good job in identifying poverty alleviation products is the key to continuously promoting the export of agricultural products from villages to cities and even carrying out long-term consumption assistance. The high recognition standards require poverty alleviation enterprises to undertake a relatively higher level of poverty alleviation responsibility. Although it can force innovative enterprises to actively improve product quality, it also increases the supply of poverty alleviation products. If poverty alleviation enterprises lack innovation capabilities, it is easy to trigger the stagnation of poverty alleviation products. Therefore, the setting of criteria for identifying poverty alleviation products faces a dilemma of incentivizing innovation and preventing unsold products. Based on the independently constructed poverty alleviation product identification standard setting model, this paper analyzes the four common strategies and corresponding optimization strategies. The findings show that, firstly, all the four common strategies will cause losses to the local total revenue. A single low standard cannot stimulate innovation, and a single high standard will bring the risk of unsold products, while the high sales rewards and rigid price limits will lead to low selling prices of agricultural products. Secondly, the four optimized strategies of selective high sales rewards, selective revenue sharing, selective price cutting, and selective innovation subsidies can all motivate high performers to choose high standards and carry out innovation, and they can guide low performers to choose low standards to eliminate the risk of unsold products, ultimately achieving the maximization of local total revenue. Due to the differences in implementation requirements, decision-making intervals, and welfare effects among the four optimization strategies, the policy makers need to comprehensively consider such factors as the local innovation capabilities, the demand price elasticity of poverty alleviation products, farmers’ income, and fiscal burden.

Against the backdrop of increasing financial pressure at all levels of the local governments, optimizing the allocation of financial resources and improving the efficiency of financial support for agriculture are of great significance for achieving the comprehensive rural revitalization. To this end, this paper explores the coupling relationship between fiscal support for agriculture and rural geographical environment, as well as its impact on the efficiency of fiscal support for agriculture by including the rural geographical environment into the theoretical analysis framework of public goods. It then conducts an empirical analysis based on the panel data from 88 counties (cities) in Hunan Province from 2011 to 2020. The results show that fiscal support for agriculture can significantly promote the development of agricultural economy and the growth of farmers’ income, that the rural geographical environment has a restraining effect on the development of agricultural economy and the growth of farmers’ income, thereby affecting the improvement of the efficiency of fiscal support for agriculture. The coupling and coordination between fiscal support for agriculture and rural geographical environment have significantly improved the efficiency of fiscal support for agriculture. Therefore, we need to improve the financial investment mechanism for rural revitalization from the three aspects: strengthening the awareness of rural geographical environment, innovating the investment methods of agricultural-support funds, and strengthening the management of agricultural support funds.

Establishing nature reserves is the main way to protect biodiversity. The government establishes nature reserves by acquiring or trading land, but faces cost and management challenges. The use of command and control measures to directly regulate the ecological environment on collective or private land cannot adapt to the heterogeneity of ecological space. The cooperative governance concept of encouraging land rights holders and social organizations to participate in natural ecological protection has been widely accepted. Protective servitude is a voluntary and sustainable burden of protection, characterized by non possession, determination, and retroactive effect, and can be classified under private law servitude. At the same time, the protection of servitude aims to protect the natural ecology, does not require servitude as a prerequisite, and can create positive obligations for the providers of servitude. In the comparative laws, countries such as the United States and France classify the protection of servitude as private law servitude or debt over property, but countries such as Australia give it more public law color. The protection of servitude is difficult to be covered by the existing norms of servitude in the Civil Code. In order to meet the legal requirements of property rights, it is necessary to clarify the types and effectiveness of protected easements in separate laws on natural protected areas and the Ecological Environment Code in stages.

The reverse confusion behavior originated from the case law of the United States, which was considered as an infringement of trademark rights due to its impact on the function of trademark source identification in early cases. Chinese courts have also drawn on this legal regulatory path. By reviewing the precedents of reverse confusion in the United States, it can be found that due to the fact that the Langham Act not only regulates trademark infringement but also prevents unfair competition, both regulatory demands can be raised simultaneously. Therefore, whether “reverse confusion” is a concept under the trademark rights system or the anti unfair competition system deserves further investigation. Due to the fact that China’s trademark law system is based on preventing confusion, the core is to protect the goodwill accumulated by prior trademarks. However, reverse confusion does not utilize the goodwill of prior trademarks, but only hinders their function to identify the sources. In this situation, it is difficult to form a logical loop to consider reverse confusion as trademark infringement. In fact, the interests infringed by reverse confusion should be regulated by the Anti Unfair Competition Law. Through the principle of proportionality, it can be determined that the interests of the plaintiff infringed by reverse confusion need to be protected. At the same time, reverse confusion also has a certain commercial obstruction effect, which may constitute unfair competition in this situation. Reverse confusion, judged according to the criteria of unclassified unfair competition, constitutes unfair competition.