Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,“China under rule of law”has been established as an important discourse of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics in the new era. Looking back at history, it can be found that this is another important development of the discourse of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics after the establishment of the discourse of“rule of law”, the return of the discourse of “socialist rule of law”, and its transformation into a“country under socialist rule of law”. On the basis of inheriting the existing discourse of the rule of law,“China under rule of law”has obvious subjectivity connotations in both practical and value dimensions, demonstrating the subjectivity consciousness of China’s rule of law construction in the new era. In this sense,“rule of law in China”constitutes the subjective innovation of the discourse of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics in the new era. This innovation is not only a theoretical logical conclusion, but also a practical need to solve the problem of the lack of subjectivity in China’s rule of law construction. The emergence of the subjectivity of“rule of law in China”requires adhering to the material production practice of China’s social and historical subjects as the starting point in the construction of the rule of law, insisting on the promotion of the construction of the rule of law in both form and substance, and persisting in the close integration of the inheritance of China’s excellent traditional legal culture with the contemporary China’s rule of law construction.

The modernization of coordinated material civilization and spiritual civilization is one of the important characteristics of Chinese style modernization. The red gene is the spiritual core of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The inheritance of the red gene is to unswervingly inherit the original intention and mission of the CPC. The inheritance of the red gene provides a source of historical confidence, theoretical awareness, cultural confidence and innovation for the Chinese path to modernization with the coordinated“two civilizations”. From the historical perspective, the inheritance of the red gene has opened up the road, laid the foundation, created a new situation, and consolidated the foundation for Chinese path to modernization in which the“two civilizations”are coordinated. From the perspective of theory, the basic principles of Marxism and the theoretical consciousness of the CPC people provide theoretical support for the inheritance of the red gene, which created the Chinese style modernization with the coordination of the“two civilizations”, and lay a solid ideological foundation. From the perspective of culture, the inheritance of red genes builds a spiritual fortress for Chinese path to modernization that coordinates the“two civilizations”and shoulders the cultural mission. From the perspective of innovation, the inheritance of red genes stimulates innovation vitality and provides the major country with solutions for the coordinated Chinese path to modernization of “two civilizations”. In the process of comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese style modernization, we must inherit the red gene, continue the red blood, and absorb the spiritual strength from victory to victory.

In today’s rapidly changing entrepreneurial environment, how entrepreneurial teams can use contingency to stimulate exploratory and developmental improvisational behaviors to respond to different situational needs has become an increasingly important focus in academia. Based on the contingency theory, this study explores the dual impact of entrepreneurial team reflection and dual leadership behavior on dual entrepreneurial improvisation from the perspective of team processes. Two classroom scenario experiments are designed based on the characteristics of task reflection and process reflection to conduct scenario task exercises. The findings of Experiment 1 reveal that both task reflection and leadership open behavior can predict more team exploratory improvisation, and leadership open behavior could enhance the positive impact of task reflection on exploratory improvisation, while leadership closed behavior will weaken the above effect. The findings of Experiment 2 show that both process reflection and leadership closure behavior can predict more team development improvisation, and leadership closure behavior can enhance the positive impact of process reflection on development improvisation, while leadership openness behavior will weaken the above effect. These two experimental results indicate that the strategically pairing team reflection and the dual leadership can generate multiple synergies, inspiring entrepreneurial teams to flexibly handle improvisational differences brought about by different reflections and to play an important regulatory role by the dual leadership, thereby achieving a dual balance of entrepreneurial improvisation in a larger temporal and spatial scope, and releasing the best effects of the two improvisations in responding to different environmental changes, so as to help the long-term development of enterprises.

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that achieving common prosperity for all is one of the basic goals of Chinese path to modernization, and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas is the key means to achieve this goal. Based on the data from 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020, this study uses spatial econometric models to explore the role and impact of digital inclusive finance development in narrowing the urban-rural income gap. The results indicate that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the development of digital inclusive finance and the urban-rural income gap. In the short term, the development of digital inclusive finance may temporarily exacerbate the urban-rural income gap, but in the long run, its sustained development will help narrow the urban-rural gap. Meanwhile, the development of digital inclusive finance also has spatial spillover effects. Further analysis shows that in the eastern and western regions, with lower industrial structure, lower urbanization level, and lower marketization level, the development of digital inclusive finance plays a greater role in narrowing the urban-rural income gap. At the same time, the role of digitalization level and coverage breadth is also evident. The mechanism analysis reveals that the development of digital inclusive finance can narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas by improving the level of traditional financial development and the human capital of farmers. Therefore, in the process of promoting the development of digital inclusive finance in the future, the government should pay more attention to expanding its application breadth, introducing relevant preferential policies to the central and western regions, and encouraging the developed regions to share infrastructure, so as to more effectively promote the narrowing of the urban-rural income gap and solidly promote the realization of common prosperity for all people.

Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this paper adopts a fixed effect model to estimate the impact of provincial pooling of employee medical insurance on medical insurance fund expenditures. The findings show that the provincial-level pooling of employee medical insurance has significantly improved the expenditure level of insured persons’ medical insurance funds, and this conclusion remains robust even after overcoming the self selection problems using the propensity score matching method. The analysis shows that the insured individuals are more likely to choose large hospitals for medical treatment and increase the utilization of inpatient medical services, which is an important channel for the provincial coordinated expansion of employee medical insurance fund expenditures. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that provincial pooling of employee medical insurance has a stronger effect on increasing medical insurance fund expenditures for the low-income, living-in-rural-areas, and elderly insured populations. Therefore, while promoting the provincial-level coordination of employee medical insurance, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision capacity of medical insurance funds, establish a risk assessment and early warning mechanism for medical insurance funds, and ensure the safety of medical insurance fund expenditures.

Based on the Anderson model, this paper constructs a configuration analysis framework for the three levels of influencing factors: objective needs, promoting resources, and tendency characteristics. The dynamic QCA method is used to collect the sample data from 31 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021, with a total of 310 cases. It explores the configuration path to improve the minimum living guarantee level in rural China from the vertical time dimension and horizontal regional dimension. The findings show that there are three main paths that affect the minimum living guarantee level in rural China, namely, the three models: demand-dominant, demand-characteristics, and demand-resources. There is a substitution effect in the path of improving the minimum living guarantee level in rural China, which can be further targeted by adjusting the subjective controllable factors such as the Engel coefficient, rural policy guarantee supply, and rural housing average price. The overall consistency in the time dimension is high, indicating that the impact of various factors on the level of living security is stable. On the regional dimension, there are certain differences in the configuration preferences among different regions. The East China, South China, and Central China regions tend to be demand-dominant, while the South China, North China, and Northeast regions tend to be demand-characteristics, and the Northwest region tends to be demand-resources.

As a key focus of consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively connecting them with rural revitalization, poverty eradication households should be given special attention. Based on the field survey data from 1283 poverty eradication households in a western province, this paper uses non-parametric statistics and propensity score matching (PSM) method to analyze the mechanism and the differences in the effects of various basic public services affecting the income of poverty eradication households. The findings show that: first, the basic public education and the basic labor employment can promote the increase of household wage income through human capital accumulation, and the income increase effect of the basic public education is stronger than that of the basic labor employment. Second, the basic social insurance and the basic social services have a positive impact on household transfer income and play a role in narrowing the income gap through redistribution, and the role of the basic social services is significantly greater than that of the basic social insurance. Third, the employment skills training of the basic labor employment and the renovation of dilapidated houses of the basic housing security services have a positive impact on household operating income by enhancing entrepreneurial ability and improving entrepreneurial conditions, and the income increase effect of the employment skills training is more prominent. In addition, the income-enhancing effects of the basic employment services show heterogeneity in different income types and householders’ education levels. The above research provides new insights for further optimizing and improving the basic public service policies with the goal of common prosperity.

Since the 21 century, whether Chinese farmers are“good at division”or“good at cooperation”has been under constant debate. Based on the sample data of 223 prefecture-level cities in China from 2014 to 2020, this paper investigates the effect of Confucian culture on farmers’ cooperation and its mechanism by taking farmers’ cooperatives as the research object. The findings show that, first, Confucian culture can promote farmers’ cooperation, which is not only a strong rebuttal to the negative view that Chinese farmers are“good at dividing but not good at cooperating”but also the cultural confidence and path confidence in the development of Chinese cooperatives. Second, the formal system plays a suppressive role in the promotion of farmers’ cooperation by Confucian culture, and the better the formal system, the weaker the promotion effect of Confucian culture on farmers’ cooperation. Third, Confucian culture will play a greater role in promoting farmers’ cooperation in the lower open areas and the western regions, and the promoting effect of Confucian culture on farmers’ cooperation has become more obvious since the adjustment of the tendency of cooperative policy intervention in 2019. Fourth, Confucian culture can indirectly influence farmers’ cooperation by increasing the level of educational public facilities and social capital. Therefore, we should attach importance to the nourishing effect of traditional culture on modern cooperative culture, promote the organic integration of Confucian culture and cooperative culture, adhere to expanding opening up to the outside world, strengthen the construction of educational public facilities, expand the network of farmer relationships, and accelerate the process of farmer organization and cooperation.

The academic community has formed two types of views on how to regulate and protect enterprise data property rights: the scenario-based behavioral regulation model without confirmation of rights and the institutionalized empowerment regulation approach with confirmation of rights. In comparison, the approach of confirmation of rights is committed to adjusting the interest relationship formed by users, enterprises, and enterprises around the development and utilization of data elements through legislative empowerment, which is more advantageous in line with the internal mechanism of the formation of data element value and the market demand for data utilization and circulation. However, it is constrained by the rigid dichotomy between personality rights and property rights associated with data, both the “bundle of rights” and the “division of rights” theories have constructed complex data right structures between users and enterprises. Given the phenomenon of the separation of the legal rights of data sources and the property rights of data processors caused by the development of the digital economy, combined with the differences in the substantial influence of users and enterprises in the process of data value formation, the confirmation of enterprise data property rights should adopt a theoretical structure of “single empowerment + reasonable restrictions”, which grants the data property rights solely to enterprises, while simultaneously restricting these rights by ensuring the statutory prior rights of data sources, as well as rules for mandatory circulation and licensing of public interest data.

The National Conference on Financial Trial Work of Courts has clarified that financial regulatory regulations can negate the effectiveness of financial contracts through Article 153 of the Civil Code on “mandatory provisions” and “public order and good customs”. However, in judicial practice, this path has encountered issues such as unclear authorization models for authorized legislative channels, inconsistent standards for distinguishing mandatory provisions, difficulties in defining the connotation of public order and good customs in the financial field, difficulties in identifying the relationship between violating regulations and damaging public order and good customs, as well as constraints in post event negative evaluation of contracts to prevent financial risks. Financial and commercial trials should prioritize the overall trading mechanism and trading habits of the financial markets, and always regard maintaining transactions as the core institutional value. The path of commercial customs is more in line with the contract governance concept of contemporary financial law, the trend of financial regulation and judicial co governance, and can enrich the regulatory system of China’s financial and commercial law. This article believes that the judicial precedent system should play a guiding role in identifying financial and commercial customs, strictly adhere to the classification of regulatory types as commercial customs, and ultimately construct a “commercial customs -- public order and good customs” regulatory judicial application path that combines the positive regulation before the incident and the negative evaluation after the incident.