Improving the system of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party is an important measure to strengthen the overall and systematic layout of Party management and governance, and to promote the coordinated and efficient progress, which demonstrates the CPC’s profound grasp of the laws of comprehensively and strictly governing the Party in the new era. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the system of comprehensive and strict governance of the Party has undergone a development and evolution from“strict governance of the Party”to“comprehensive and strict governance of the Party”, and then to“comprehensive and strict governance of the Party institution”and to“comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system”. On the new journey, in order to improve the comprehensive and strict governance system of the Party, it is necessary to scientifically understand and grasp its core goals, the fundamental measures, and the scientific methods, adhere to and strengthen the Party’s comprehensive leadership, stick to the institutional governance and rule of law governance, and stick to the unity of systematicity, wholeness, and synergy. Based on this, in order to build a comprehensive and strict governance system with complete content, powerful functions, reasonable institution, and efficient operation, it is necessary to continuously improve the layout of the tasks for comprehensive and strict governance of the Party, ensuring that the process of Party governance is fully covered, to build a scientific and rigorous system of Party regulations, achieving seamless and effective implementation of the system, and to establish a comprehensive list of responsibilities for strict governance of the Party and a mechanism for supervision and accountability, forming a system chain of clarifying responsibilities, performing responsibilities, and undertaking accountability.

With the intelligent transformation and upgrading of the traditional production mode by artificial intelligence technology, the production tasks are becoming more and more complicated and specialized, which puts forward new requirementsfor the adaptability of human capital structure. By incorporating the development of artificial intelligence, the upgrading of industrial structure and the upgrading of human capital structure into an organic theoretical analyzing framework, the internal mechanism and regional heterogeneity of the influence of artificial intelligence on the upgrading of human capital structure can be depicted. The empirical studies have concluded that, the development of artificial intelligence can not only directly promote the upgrading of human capital structure, but also play a positive role in the upgrading process of human capital structure by promoting the upgrading of industrial structure. The influence of artificial intelligence development on the advancement of human capital structure has significant regional heterogeneity: the eastern, central and western regions are experiencing a downward cascade, while the positive effect of the development of artificial intelligence in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Southwest Comprehensive Economic Zone on the upgrading of human capital structurehas gradually highlighted. The government should speed up the construction of a long-term mechanism for the cultivation of artificial intelligence talents, promote the integrated development of artificial intelligence technology with the real industry, help the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure, and then promote the high-level advancement of human capital structure. At the same time, local governments should adapt to local conditions, orderly promote the development of artificial intelligence, and narrow the gap between regional human capital structures.

On the basis of a theoretical analysis, this paper takes the smart city pilot polciy as a quasi-natural experiment of China’s digital economy development. Based on the panel data of China’s prefecture-level cities and the A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2020, it studies the impact, mechanism and difference of digital economy development on labor income inequality with the help of a staggered difference-in-difference model. The findings show that the development of digital economy can significantly reduce the inequality of labor income, which is still valid after a series of robustness tests. From the perspective of impacting mechanism, the development of digital economy can reduce the inequality of labor income by improving the urban human capital level and reducing the urban labor productivity difference. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that in the eastern region, the secondary industry, the non-technical intensive industries and the state-owned enterprises, the development of digital economy has a stronger impact on labor income inequality. This research conclusion provides beneficial enlightenment for grasping the development opportunity of digital economy, narrowing the labor income gap, and ensuring the realization of the phased goal of common prosperity.

Based on the data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, this paper uses the multiple linear regression model to empirically analyze the relationship between whether or not to enroll in social pension insurance and the amount of pension and the physical and mental health of the elderly. It also incorporate life satisfaction, preventive medical service utilization and social activities as mechanism variables into the analytical frameworkto specifically analyze the internal mechanisms through which social pension insurance affects the health of the elderly. The findings show that whether or not to participate in social pension insurance has little effect on the health status of the elderly, while the level of pension has a significant positive relationship with the health level of the elderly. The pension level can enhance the health of the elderly through the improvement of life satisfaction, the preventive medical service utilization and the social activities. Further research reveals that the pension level has a more pronounced effect on the mental health of the urban elderly. In view of this, it is recommended to improve the social pension insurance system, steadily raise the level of pension benefits, and pay attention to the construction of the supporting system for pension services, so as to strengthen the role of social pension insurance in promoting the health of the elderly.

The reform of outpatient coordination of the medical insurance plays a key role in optimizing the order of patients’ medical care and guiding the functional positioning of hospitals. This study adopts thedistrict and county data of the urban and rural residents’ health insurance outpatient coordination from 2008 to 2021 in 21 prefectural cities and states in Sichuan Province and matches them to the local mesoscopic data in the Wind Database to empirically test the impact of the outpatient coordination reform on the residents’ choice of medical treatment and the treatment behaviors of the medical institutions with the progressive double-difference method. The findings show that the outpatient coordination reform has reduced the proportion of hospital consultations and admissions by 1.3% and 1.8% respectively, while the proportion of the consultations and admissions in the primary health care institutions has increased by 1.4% and 1.8% respectively. The reform has led to a 2.4% increase in the rate of inpatient surgery in public hospitals, while the number of bed days and the bed utilization rate have dropped significantly, and the outpatient coordination has led to a further reorganization of the functions of public hospitals. It is recommended that the allocation of primary medical care resources be further strengthened, that public hospitals be monitored for their treatment practices, and that the experience of building close-knit medical communities be promoted as soon as possible.

In recent years, the cross regional services of China’s grain production is continuously shrinking, and the“dual scale”(providing intra-regional scaled outsourcing services while transferring to large-scale cultivation of land) operation style is increasingly visible. On the basis of comparing the differences in economies of scale between two types of service forms, this paper analyzes the theoretical logic of China’s grain production outsourcing service supply transformation, and uses thematic research data from 504 outsourcing service organizations in Jilin, Jiangsu and Sichuan, provinces to test the differential impact of large-scale operation of farmers on the cost and benefits of different forms of outsourcing services. The research results indicate that the substitution of intra-regional services for inter-regional services is a fundamental trend in the present transition of outsourcing service supply. The large-scale operation of farmers, characterized by concentrated and contiguous plots of land and the expansion of the total area of household operations, is an important reason for the transformation of outsourcing services from cross regional to intra regional. From the perspective of the internal mechanisms, although large-scale operation of farmers has a cost reducing and efficiency increasing effect on both intra-regional and inter-regional services, the marginal benefits of intra-regional services are higher than those of inter-regional services. Therefore, policy support should be provided for the transformation of outsourcing services from three aspects: further strengthening the quality of concentrated land parcels, improving the flexibility of policy adjustments to support the development of outsourcing services, and breaking the constraints of regional concepts to enhance regional exchanges and cooperation.

In the process of promoting the application of clean energy, China should fully consider the farmer’s benefits and conform to the aspirations of rural residents for a better life. Based on the data from five consecutive China Family Panel Study (CFPS) from 2010 to 2018,this study constructs a“counterfactual”framework to analyze whether the clean energy application has an impact on the subjective well-being of rural residents in China with the method of difference in difference (DID), then it further tests the internal mechanism of such impact. The results show that the application of clean energy can significantly improve the subjective well-being of Chinese rural residents, and that the middle-aged group, the non-illiterate group and the working group show a higher increase in subjective well-being than their counterparts. In addition, the indirectmechanism of the impact of clean energy application on the rural residents’ subjective well-being mainly stems from three aspects, i.e., the improvement of the comprehensive economic effect, the increased confidence in the future, and the improvement of air quality. Therefore, China should consolidate the achievements of rural clean energy development and continue to strengthen the construction of rural clean energy, focusing on the young, the old, the illiterate, and the unemployed groups, and actively solve the inter-generational equity and social equity problems in the application of rural clean energy.

The rule of law thinking is an important way of thinking of the CPC, and an important magic weapon for the Party to lead the revolution, the construction and the reform cause to continuously achieve victories. The full affirmation of the status and role of the law, the active advocacy of breaking the old legal system and formulating a new legal system, and the ingenious reference and use of the old legal system of the early CPC members are the starting point of the CPC’s legal thinking. The referee committee established by Anyuan Railway-Mine Workers Club is the embryonic form of the people’s justice established by the leadership of the CPC, which opened the early attempt of the Party to use the rule of law thinking. The referee committee of Anyuan Railway-Mine Workers Club clarified the“fate”of legal thinking by resolving conflicts and disputes and achieving worker autonomy, demonstrated the“correctness”of the rule of law thinking by adhering to democracy and justice and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the people, and highlighted the“contribution”of legal thinking by consolidating revolutionary organizations and promoting the vigorous development of workers movements. Adhering to the value support of justice and fairness, adhering to the basic requirements of serving the overall situation, adhering to the fundamental position of taking the people as the center, and adhering to strengthening the construction of the rule of law to build a good rule of law environment are the profound enlightenment of the early exploration of the CPC’s rule of law thinking for the improvement of the Party’s rule of law thinking ability in the new era.

The effectiveness of commercial laws’ evasive behavior depends on its compatibility with the substantive legal order, and should be addressed separately from epistemology and instrumental theory to break away from the dilemma of inconsistent standards for judging the effectiveness of commercial laws’ evasive behavior. In terms of epistemology theory, the value elements and order involved in determining the effectiveness of commercial laws’ evasive behavior are different from those of civil laws’ evasive behavior. The court should match different judgment logics accordingly and make a more cautious negative evaluation of commercial laws’ evasive behavior. In terms of instrumental theory, strengthening legislative supply is not the optimal solution. Instead, we should start with judicial technology and construct a unified judicial judgment paradigm to limit the discretionary space. Therefore, it is advisable to establish a second-order equity model with the proportionality principle as the core. In view of the possibility of value error of the law as it is, the proportionality principle should be applied to make the first evaluation of commercial mandatory rules. For the “negative evaluation law”, evasive behavior should be recognized as legal and effective. For the “positive evaluation law”, the legal effectiveness of evasive behavior still needs to use the proportionality principle to make a second evaluation of its effective boundary. The evasive behaviors that satisfies the three elements of legitimacy of purpose, necessity of effect, and appropriateness of means should be judged as effective.

The employer’s processing of the employee’s personal information is accompanied by the establishment, continuation and termination of the labor contract, and the infringement caused by the data processing also runs through the labor relationship. In workplace, employers’ illegal violations of workers’ personal data are mainly manifested in the forms of excessive collection, workplace monitoring and improper disclosure. The damage caused by the infringement of employees’ personal data presents a two-tier structure, namely, the damage caused by the infringement of personal data itself and the damage caused by the labor rights and interests derived from the infringement, the later mainly manifests in employment discrimination and wrongful dismissal. For the damage caused by the infringing information, employees can eliminate it through the right of deletion, withdrawal or correction; and they have the right to request the restoration of labor relations. If the damage is still irreparable, they can also claim compensation for material and spiritual damages. However, the damage to labor rights and interests caused by data processing cannot be fully remedied through the private law, and it is still necessary to return to the labor law. By expanding employees’ right to terminate their employment unilaterally, employers can be prevented and punished for their wrongful data processing. Collective contracts can be used to regulate data-processing activities in the industry, activate the functions of trade unions and compensate for the shortcomings of employees’ autonomy. The connotation of the labor standards should be updated to include the protection of employees’ rights and interests, and employees’ data infringement should be included in the scope of labor inspection and labor dispute resolution mechanisms.