As a complex social system engineering, it is necessary to adhere to a systematic concept in order to improve the comprehensive and strict governance system of the Party, adhere to the perspective of universal connection, comprehensive system, and development and change, and grasp the development direction of the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system in the internal relationship between the system and the environment, between the parallel systems, and between systems and elements. Based on the relationship between the system and the environment, a sound comprehensive and strict governance system for the Party should adapt to the profound changes in the world, national conditions, and Party situation, and clarify the era coordinates and development direction of the comprehensive and strict governance system for the Party. Based on the relationship between the parallel systems, in order to improve the comprehensive strict governance of the Party, it is necessary to continuously enhance the coupling and synergy between the “Four Comprehensives” strategic layout, the Party’s leadership system, and the Party’s self revolutionary institutional norms. Based on the relationship between systems and elements, in order to improve the comprehensive and strict governance of the Party system, it is necessary to optimize its content elements as a whole by improving the five major systems of organization, education, supervision, system, and responsibility. In short, it is necessary to comprehensively grasp the dynamic development of the environment, structure, and functions of the comprehensive strict governance of the Party system and make timely adjustments, continuously enhancing the vitality and institutional resilience of the comprehensive strict governance of the Party system.

The interpretation of the text thought of the“South Talk”has an important historical contribution to the construction of the theoretical system of Chinese path to modernization. From the perspective of Marx’s “socialist criticism”, the historical contribution of the text of the “South Talk” to the theory of Chinese path to modernization is mainly reflected in the following aspects: Creatively tamping the socialist foundation of Chinese path to modernization at the critical moment when world socialism is at its lowest point in history, adhering to the basic principles of scientific socialism and deeply integrating it with the reality of China’s primary stage of socialism; expounding the ideological achievements of “deep integration” from such six aspects of the reform impetus, the nature, the “hard truth”, the superstructure, the ideological line and the belief in the victory of Chinese path to modernization, and extending the scientific understanding of Chinese path to modernization. The enlightenment of the important idea of the text of “South Talk” being “continued” for the further systematization of the theory of Chinese path to modernization lies in that we should not only firm the socialist direction of Chinese path to modernization, but also highlight the Chinese characteristics of Chinese path to modernization.

Both the new quality productivity and the development quality of new-type urbanization inherently embody the pursuit of“novelty”and quality”. Based on panel data from 280 Chinese cities between 2011 and 2021, this study measures the development levels of new quality productivity and the quality of new-type urbanization, and empirically examines the impact and mechanisms through which the new quality productivity influences the development quality of new-type urbanization. The findings reveal that the new quality productivity can significantly improve the quality of the new-type urbanization, this conclusion remains robust after a series of endogeneity treatments and robustness tests. The heterogeneity analysis indicates that the enhancing effect of the new quality productivity on the new-type urbanization quality is stronger in cities with advantageous resource endowments, greater transformation potential, and stronger talent attractiveness. The mechanism analysis demonstrates that the new quality productivity can promote the improvement of the new-type urbanization development quality through urban innovation and entrepreneurship effects, urban economic agglomeration effects, and urban green transformation effects. The further analysis highlights that the new quality productivity has a positive spatial spillover effect on the new-type urbanization quality. As the level of the new quality productivity continues to rise, it will help break the“Hu Huanyong Line”barrier, driving westward expansion of the high-quality urbanization. Therefore, it is imperative to strategically anchor the layout of the major productive forces, adopt differentiated policy measures based on the development foundations, resource endowments, and functional orientations of different cities, and promote the high quality development of the new-type urbanization.

Social capital, functioning as an informal institution, wields an invisible force to influence the efficacy of the formal environmental governance systems, thereby exerting a profound impact on the process of carbon reduction and pollution mitigation. This paper conducts an empirical analysis of 92 sample cities within key urban agglomerations. The findings reveal that the emissions trading, whether implemented solely on carbon emissions trading or in conjunction with pollution reduction trading, can exert significant impact on the synergy between carbon reduction and pollution mitigation in key urban agglomerations. The moderation effect test results demonstrate that the regulation of social capital on the synergy of carbon reduction and pollution reduction through emissions trading exhibits non-linear characteristics, and the regulatory effect is more pronounced in the sample city group with higher economic development level. Further in-depth analysis indicates that the adoption of the “mutual benefit-mutual interoperability-mutual trust”strategy by local governments can promote the regulatory role of social capital in enhancing carbon reduction and pollution reduction synergy through emissions trading, from weak to strong. Based on this, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and evaluation of the implementation of the joint policies on carbon emission rights and pollution discharge rights trading in key urban agglomerations, and further improve the basic institutional framework for carbon emission trading and the system for paid use of pollution discharge rights; accurately identify the economic and social development stages and the social capital evolution stages of different regions, and design differentiated carbon reduction and pollution reduction collaborative governance plans according to local conditions; while accelerating the cultivation and accumulation of social capital in underdeveloped cities, continuously optimize the strategic choices of local governments to promote collaborative governance of carbon reduction and pollution reduction.

Based on the horizontal indicator system, the high-quality development level of agricultural insurance in 30 provinces from 2008 to 2021 is measured, and the regional differences, spatial structural changes, and dynamic evolution characteristics of China’s high-quality development level of agricultural insurance are revealed by using Dagum Gini coefficient, Kernel density function estimation, traditional Markov chain and spatial Markov chain. The findings show that the high-quality development level of agricultural insurance in China is steadily increasing, with the western region experiencing a faster growth rate of 0.5% per year. The regional differences in the high-quality development level of agricultural insurance in China are showing a downward trend, with regional differences and hyperdensity being the main reasons for regional differences, the contribution rate of both being over 66%. There is a phenomenon of “club convergence” in the development of agricultural insurance in China, and the development of agricultural insurance in various provinces has significant spatial spillover effects. The probability of regional agricultural insurance achieving “leapfrog” development is less than 3%. The “Matthew effect” of China’s future agricultural insurance development is showing a continuous weakening trend and is gathering towards a high-level development level. Therefore, it is necessary to adapt measures to local conditions, improve differentiated development policies for agricultural insurance, establish a multi-level and high guarantee agricultural insurance product system, vigorously promote the development of local advantageous and characteristic agricultural insurance businesses, promote balanced development of regional agricultural insurance, and continuously enhance the endogenous development momentum of agricultural insurance.

Based on the structural problems and reform directions of China’s present multi-level pension insurance, it is believed that the national annuity system can find a perfect balance between the stock reform and incremental reform of the basic pension insurance system integration. Comparing the differences between the supplementary national pension system and the welfare based national pension system, in the future, China’s national pension system should implement a welfare based national pension system, committed to providing compulsory and income independent universal pension security for all citizens. By establishing actuarial models and conducting numerical simulations, it is found that the construction of the national pension system can achieve the goal of promoting the integration of urban and rural basic pension insurance systems, covering basic pension security to the whole population, and promoting government financial support to reduce costs and improve efficiency. In addition, the national pension system also helps to solve the problem of pension security for flexible employment groups, narrow the gap between urban and rural pension insurance benefits, provide more efficient pension support models for government finance, and promote a more fair and sustainable development of a multi-level pension insurance system.

The high-quality development of family farms is a booster for rural revitalization and agricultural modernization. Based on the data of three large-scale family farm surveys in 2018, 2019 and 2023, this paper empirically analyzes the samples of 961 family farms and explores the impact and mechanism of informatization on the business performance of family farms. The findings show that informatization can significantly improve the operational performance of family farms, and after a series of robustness tests, this conclusion still holds true. The mechanism analysis reveals that informatization can promote the application of green production technology and improves credit accessibility in family farms, thereby enhancing their business performance. The heterogeneity analysis shows that informatization has a better effect on improving the operational performance of integrated farming and breeding family farms, large and medium-sized family farms, and demonstration family farms. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the support for the informatization of family farms, guide family farms to apply green production technologies, alleviate the credit constraints of family farms, and establish a categorized and graded policy support system, so as to realize the positive role of informatization in improving the operational performance of family farms.

The agricultural new quality productivity is the core driving force propelling the substantial improvement of agricultural total factor productivity. Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2012 to 2022, this paper constructs an index system for agricultural new quality productivity by using the entropy method, employs DEA to evaluate the level of agricultural total factor productivity, and conducts an empirical test of the impact and mechanism of agricultural new quality productivity on agricultural total factor productivity. The results indicate that both the new quality productivity of agriculture and the total factor productivity of agriculture shows an overall upward trend during the research period, but there is a significant differentiation in the level of development among the provinces. The new quality of agricultural productivity significantly promotes the growth of total factor productivity in agriculture, and this impact has a threshold effect. With the improvement of the level of new quality productivity in agriculture, its promoting effect on total factor productivity in agriculture has been enhanced. The mechanism analysis shows that agricultural new quality productivity promotes the growth of agricultural total factor productivity through agricultural mechanization. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that the promotion effect of agricultural new quality productivity is most significant in the central region and the grain production and sales balance zones. Therefore, various regions should strengthen technological innovation, promote the technology transformation of labor force, enhance the role of mechanical transmission, and implement regional precise policies to develop agricultural new quality productivity, so as to promote the improvement of agricultural total factor productivity and high-quality agricultural development.

Faced with the unilateralism, trade protectionism, and extreme nationalism barriers constructed by Western hegemonic countries, RCEP has launched a new regional integration process of high-quality opening-up and development based on the cooperation concepts of multilateralism, new openness, and new regionalism. During this process, the “the Belt and Road” initiative has paved the way for infrastructure cooperation, policy docking, economic and trade cooperation, and people to people connectivity for RCEP member countries, making 15 Asia-Pacific countries gain unprecedented new dividends of high-quality opening-up and development. However, the security concerns in this regional cooperation are also important issues that cannot be ignored. In order to promote the high-quality opening-up and development of RCEP and achieve better cooperation results on the fast track of security, it is necessary to build bilateral and trilateral development communities among China, Japan, and South Korea, China-ASEAN peripheral communities, and Asia-Pacific community of shared future, and promote the construction of regional security communities, so as to resolve historical barriers and current contradictions between China and Japan, China and South Korea, and China and ASEAN. On the basis of coordinating high-quality opening-up and development with Asia-Pacific security, the new regional integration of RCEP can be achieved.

Compared to ChatGPT, the domestic large-scale model DeepSeek has achieved significant innovation in model architecture, training paradigm, and inference mechanism. This means that the current large-scale model has achieved a qualitative leap from a mechanical perception feedback mechanism to a human like subject cognitive decision-making paradigm, which has also led to risks of data input disorder, algorithm running out of control, and content output disorder. The core of value alignment lies in promoting the transformation of big models from instrumental rationality to value rationality, which has certain necessity and feasibility. However, it also faces technical challenges and normative difficulties, and the reason lies in the lack of a sound value alignment system. In view of this, it is urgent to adopt a collaborative paradigm of technical regulation, ethical adjustment, and legal governance, that is, to build a data compliance framework based on the risk stratification concept, strengthen the full cycle traceability supervision of algorithm decision-making, and optimize the content governance accountability framework; improve the mechanism for extracting ethical consensus, enhance the ethical review response system, and shape the ethical subject responsibility network; establish a clear hierarchy of value alignment standards, clarify the nature of value alignment with the unity of power and responsibility, and design a value alignment evaluation method for dynamic evolution, so as to accelerate the formation of new quality productivity to promote the construction of Chinese path to modernization.

Data possesses collateral capacity due to its property attributes, but the subject of data collateral is data property rights. Under current law, the systemic positioning of data collateral should be classified as a novel type of security interest. Data collateral acquires real-right effectiveness once creditors control the data or register it with local data registration authorities. From a legislative perspective, data security rights should fall under rights pledge, but specific rules must fully account for transactional parties’ expectations of interests and avoid constraints from traditional pledge doctrines. A registration confrontation doctrine should govern data security rights, eliminating the need for valuation of data property rights during establishment. Rules for data security rights, including registration opposability, priority order, and external transfers, may reference those for chattel mortgages. Unless otherwise agreed, guarantors should retain the right to exercise and dispose of data property rights, while security holders should be granted priority compensation mechanisms for proceeds such as license fees. The realization of data security rights heavily depends on the maturity of data transaction markets. Licensing agreements should serve as a primary method for enforcing data security rights, with future integration of smart contract technology to facilitate implementation.