当代财经 ›› 2022, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (3): 3-13.

• 理论经济 •    下一篇

发展思路、产业结构变迁与经济增长:以新加坡和中国香港为例

朱兰1, 邱爽2, 吴紫薇2   

  1. 1.中国社会科学院 数量经济与技术经济研究所,北京 100084;
    2.北京大学 国家发展研究院,北京 100871
  • 收稿日期:2021-07-28 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-03-31
  • 通讯作者: 邱爽,北京大学博士研究生,主要从事发展经济学研究,联系方式1800012137@pku.edu.cn;
  • 作者简介:朱兰,中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所助理研究员,经济学博士,主要从事发展经济学研究;吴紫薇,北京大学博士研究生,主要从事人力资本与经济增长研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金青年项目“面向高质量发展的人工智能与制造业良性互动研究”(19CJL034); 国家社会科学基金重点项目“新形势下我国制造业转型升级路径与对策研究”(20AJL017); 国家社会科学基金重大项目“新发展阶段伟大实践与发展经济学理论创新研究”(21&ZD071)

Development Ideas, Industrial Structural Changes and Economic Growth: A Case Study of Hong Kong of China and Singapore

ZHU Lan1, QIU Shuang2, WU Zi-wei2   

  1. 1. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100084;
    2. Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Received:2021-07-28 Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-03-31

摘要: 思路决定出路。思想(认识或社会思潮),是决定一国经济发展绩效的重要原因。新结构经济学理论从政府发展思路和产业政策视角,可以很好地解释新加坡和中国香港结构变迁路径和经济增长分化现象。通过政策梳理和数据分析可以发现,新加坡政府是因势利导型政府,遵循比较优势发展战略,制定产业政策引导产业转型升级,制造业竞争力明显提高;中国香港政府是自由放任型政府,缺乏有效的产业政策,回归后实施积极不干预政策,有意识制定产业政策引导产业升级,但违背比较优势,产业升级受阻,制造业竞争力持续下降。进一步对比中国香港和新加坡在要素禀赋结构升级、收入分配、开放度和宏观经济稳定度方面的表现可以发现,新加坡的经济绩效明显优于中国香港。上述结论对于新时期我国领先型城市贯彻新发展理念、正确处理市场和政府关系,具有借鉴意义。

关键词: 发展思路, 产业政策, 结构转型, 经济绩效, 新结构经济学

Abstract: Ideas can determine the way out. Thoughts (cognition or social ideas) are the important reasons determining the performance of a country's economic development. From the perspective of government development strategy and industrial policy, the new structural economic theory can well explain the structural transition routes of Singapore and Hong Kong of China and the phenomenon of economic growth polarization. Through policy combing and data analysis, it can be found that Singapore government is a circumstance-oriented government, following a comparative-advantage development strategy and formulating industrial policies to guide industrial transformation and upgrading, by which its manufacturing competitiveness has been obviously improved. However, the government of Hong Kong of China is a laissez-faire government, lacking effective industrial policies. Due to its implementation of active non-interventionist policy after the reversion of sovereignty, it consciously formulates its industrial policy to guide the industrial upgrading but violating the comparative advantages, leading to the industrial upgrading being blocked and the manufacturing competitiveness being declined continuously. By further comparing the performances at such aspects as upgrading of factor endowment structure, income distribution, openness and macroeconomic stability between Hong Kong of China and Singapore, it can be found that the economic performance of Singapore is significantly better than that of Hong Kong of China. The above conclusion can offer some implications to China's leading cities to carry out the new development concept and correctly handle the relationship between government and market in the new era.

Key words: development ideas, industrial policy, structural transformation, economic performance, new structural economics

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