China’s urbanization is rapidly advancing, and a key issue in the urbanization of the central and western regions is how to deal with the county economy and county urbanization. In the current situation of China’s densely populated coastal economic belt with huge production capacity, the county-level economy in the central and western regions lacks the scale conditions required for the development of manufacturing industries, and the lack of manufacturing industries in the county-level economy in the central and western regions makes it difficult to provide sufficient employment for migrant workers in cities. The result may be that the central and western regions develop the county economy by expanding their power and encouraging farmers to enter the county towns, however, the farmers who enter the city have to rely more on village agricultural income and income from migrant workers due to the lack of employment, which renders the development of the county economy in trouble. At present, the focus of the development of county-level economy in central and western China should be to provide equal basic public services for farmers in both urban and rural areas. The ultimate destination of farmers’ urbanization is inevitably a regional center city where employment and life are integrated. County towns are only a transitional zone for farmers to enter the city. In a long period of time in the future, farmers cannot leave the land when they go to the city. To retain the right of farmers to return home is not only important in terms of security, but also has important spiritual value in terms of future prospects.

In the context of entering the new stage of development, promoting the achievement of high-quality economic development in the old revolutionary base areas has become a crucial task for the regional coordinated development in China. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has focused on the five major key old revolutionary base areas and successively introduced a series of supportive policies to provide comprehensive support in various aspects, including industry, ecology, and public services. Based on the panel data of prefecture-level cities spanning from 2009 to 2022, this paper conducts an empirical study using a double-difference model. The findings indicate that, firstly, the implementation of the supportive policies for the old revolutionary base areas has significantly promoted the high-quality economic development in these regions. Secondly, these supportive policies for the old revolutionary base areas has a positive impact on the high-quality economic development in those regions through enhancing their innovative capabilities, promoting the green transformation and development, addressing the shortcomings in public services, and optimizing land resource allocation. Notably, digital finance plays a positive regulatory role throughout this process. Thirdly, the high-quality economic development effects brought by the support policies for the old revolutionary base areas exhibit significant heterogeneity, with more favorable outcomes observed in the central and western regions, the areas with lower economic development levels, and the medium to small-sized cities. Consequently, it is necessary to increase policy support for the old revolutionary base areas, optimize the effectiveness of policy support, improve the economic development level of the old revolutionary base areas, thereby help these regions embark on a new journey of comprehensive socialist modernization construction.

New quality productivity is a concentrated embodiment of the new development concept and high-quality development. With the acceleration of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, the development of new quality productivity has become a key factor in reshaping the international competitive landscape. Taxation, as an effective macroeconomic regulation tool, is of great significance in promoting the formation and development of new quality productivity. The self evolution and interaction of the three elements of new workers, new means of labor, and new objects of labor jointly support the spiral rise of productivity level. Taking this as a starting point, this paper explores the internal logic of taxation promoting the development of new quality productivity. Taxation affects the costs, benefits, and expectations of economic entities, influencing the supply level and coordinated development of new production factors through such behaviors as research and development, investment, and achievement transformation. Scientific and reasonable tax policies can alleviate the internal contradictions in productivity, thereby achieving a leap in productivity towards a new stage. Given that the role of taxation in the development of new quality productive forces in China needs to be further clarified, and the tax incentive effect to promote the development of new quality productive forces is insufficient, the policy system in the supply of the three elements of new quality productive forces and the basic research still needs to be improved, and the construction of tax system and legal system needs to be further promoted. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to further strengthen the top-level design of tax assistance in promoting the development of new quality productivity, improve the preferential policy system of taxation promoting the development of new quality productivity, and form a dynamic adjusting mechanism for tax assistance in promoting the development of new quality productivity.

The manufacturing industry is the foundation of the country, the tool for the rise of the country, and the basis for the strengthening of the country; while the tax incentives are key to supporting the high-quality manufacturing development. For this reason, in the context of accelerating the construction of a strong manufacturing country, it is of great practical significance to explore the performance of manufacturing enterprises from the perspective of fiscal and tax incentive policies. Based on the micro data of the listed companies in China’s manufacturing industry from 2010 to 2021, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the effects of the expansion of the “replacing business tax with value-added tax” in the service industry and the reduction of the VAT rate on the business performance of manufacturing enterprises and its functioning mechanism. The results show that the “replacing business tax with value-added tax” in the service industry can improve the business performance of manufacturing enterprises through reducing the VAT burden on them, thereby having an indirect incentive effect on the development of manufacturing enterprises. The downward adjustment of the VAT rate can directly improve the business performance of the manufacturing enterprises, thereby having a direct incentive effect on the development of manufacturing enterprises. At the same time, there are differences in the impact of the expansion of the “replacing business tax with value-added tax” in the service industry and the reduction of the tax rate on the enterprises of different ages and with different ownership properties. Therefore, China should appropriately reduce the tax burden on enterprises and improve the performance of manufacturing enterprises; further improve the value-added tax system and streamline the value-added tax deduction chain; continue to lower the value-added tax rate and fully unleash the vitality of market entities; implement differentiated tax incentives and create a favorable business and investment environment.

The financial policy of science and technology is a significant instrument for advancing an innovation-driven development strategy. However, the existing studies have primarily concentrated on the direct impact of the policy on innovation while overlooking the potential for indirect innovation spillovers. The “Pilot Policy of Promoting the Integration of Science, Technology and Finance” implemented by the Ministry of Science and Technology and five other departments in two batches is employed by this study as a quasi-natural experiment to investigate the innovation spillover effect of the science and technology finance policy and its spillover channels with a multi-period difference-in-difference method on the basis of the supply chain data of China’s A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2022. The results indicate that the pilot policy has innovation spillover effect and that the innovation level of suppliers in the non-pilot regions has been significantly enhanced. The spillover channel analysis demonstrates that the innovation effect of the pilot policy is transmitted from customers to suppliers through two main channels: the knowledge spillover channel and the demand-pull channel. Further research indicates that the innovation spillover effects of the pilot policy are more pronounced in the samples with higher switching costs for customers, superior absorption and transformation capacity for suppliers, robust intellectual property protection, and close proximity between suppliers and customers. Consequently, the government should further enhance and promote the pilot policy and enhance the innovation spillover effect of the policy by reinforcing the protection of intellectual property rights and encouraging collaborative innovation among enterprises, so as to improve the quality and efficacy of financial services for science and technology innovation.

Supply chain network is an important social network for enterprises, which has an important impact on promoting the overall coordinated development of supply chain. Taking China’ A-share listed enterprises from 2012 to 2022 as the research samples, this paper explores the influence of business supply chain network relationship on their commercial credit supply and its acting mechanism from the perspective of structure hole. The results show that enterprises with rich supply chain network structure holes can significantly improve the supply of commercial credit and optimize the structure of commercial credit supply. This is because enterprises occupying the position of supply chain network structural holes can ease financing constraints to enhance the supply capacity of business credit, and enhance the risk-taking ability of enterprises to enhance supply willingness, thus improving the supply of commercial credit. Among the enterprises in regions with lower economic policy uncertainty and higher marketization process, the enterprises with better supply chain stability and closer geographical distance of supply chain, as well as the non-state-owned enterprises and the enterprises at growth stage, occupying the position of abundant supply chain network structure holes has a more significant impact on their commercial credit supply. Therefore, enterprises should attach importance to the embedded supply chain network relationship, make rational decisions of commercial credit supply, build a cooperative and win-win supply chain system, and promote the coordinated development of supply chain.

The random inspection of the environmental supervision system is an important innovation in the field of China’s environmental governance. Based on the green innovation data of A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2021, this paper explores the impact of the random inspection of the environmental supervision system on corporate green innovation by using the difference-in-differences method. The findings show that the random inspection of the environmental supervision system can significantly promote corporate green innovation, and this positive effect has a strong continuity. The mechanism analysis uncovers that this system enhances the green innovation of enterprises by strengthening the environmental regulatory pressure of the government and the environmental compliance pressure of enterprises, reflecting both regulatory and deterrent effects. The results of the extended analysis indicate that the promotion effect of the environmental supervision system on green innovation in enterprises through random sampling is more evident in the state-owned enterprises and the enterprises located in the areas with less financing constraints, lower agency costs, and stronger intellectual property protection. In addition, the random inspection of the environmental supervision system not only significantly improves the environmental performance of enterprises and demonstrates their environmental effectiveness, but also significantly improves their economic performance and demonstrates their economic effectiveness. Therefore, it is necessary for the government departments to actively carry out the random inspection of the environmental supervision system, strengthen intellectual property protection and take measures to alleviate the financing constraints faced by enterprises during the process of green innovation. Meanwhile, enterprises should further improve the corporate governance mechanism and reduce agency costs, so as to promote the level of corporate green innovation.

With the widespread application of industrial robots, the Chinese labor market is undergoing a profound transformation. Faced with this challenge, how enterprises can respond to this change and promote high-quality development through effective employee incentive strategies has become a question that decision-makers must seriously consider. The empirical analyses from the perspective of employee equity incentives show that, with the deepening application of industrial robots, firms are inclined to implement employee stock ownership plan, which has a higher employee shareholding ratio, longer lock-in period and wider coverage of employees. The motivation test reveals that the introduction of industrial robots has enhanced the willingness of enterprises to accumulate high-quality human capital through employee stock ownership plans, and helps alleviate employees’ concerns about potential opportunistic behaviors in the enterprise, thereby prompting employees to make proprietary investments. Further analysis reveals that in the context of industrial intelligence, to implement employee share ownership plans can significantly promote corporate innovative capabilities. This provides important insights for enterprises to effectively respond to the challenges brought by industrial intelligence through institutional design, thereby achieving high-quality development.

The development of new quality productivity is bound to promote the high-quality development of economy. It is of great significance to profoundly analyze the mechanism and path of new quality productivity to enable high-quality development of export trade for the construction of a trade power and high-quality economic development. Innovation in the sense of economics is closely related to the new quality state of productivity. Scientific and technological innovation creates new products, and new quality productivity gives birth to new industries. The spread, diffusion and transfer of knowledge and technology, namely technology spillover, is an important source of technological innovation and the development of new quality productivity. Technological innovation can produce direct export growth effect, and the development of new products and new industries will naturally promote the expanded marginal export growth. The spread and diffusion of knowledge and technology in the innovation ecosystem is an important way to enhance the competitiveness of export products; the development of the new quality productivity directly improve export competitiveness, while the new quality productivity can improve technology absorption ability and indirectly improve the competitiveness of export by expanding the scope of advanced elements, improving the quality of elements, and optimizing the structure of elements. The new quality productivity can create new demands and local market effect to promote exports through effective high quality supply. The new quality productivity can strengthen the competition of domestic products and industrial levels, promote the improvement of enterprise productivity, thus enabling enterprises to overcome the critical productivity of sunk export costs and increase exports. Accelerating the growth of export varieties, promoting the upgrading of export trade technology structure and promoting the transformation of trade mode are the specific paths for the new quality productivity to enable the high-quality development of export trade.

Improving the modernization level of the cultural industry chain has become an important measure to promote the transformation and upgrading of China’s cultural industry and build a cultural power. By scientifically defining the connotation of the modernization of the cultural industry chain, refining the core elements of the modernization of the cultural industry chain, measuring the modernization level of the national and provincial cultural industry chain from 2012 to 2021, this paper explores the spatial differentiation and convergence of the modernization level of the cultural industry chain by using the methods of kernel density estimation, Dagum gini coefficient and convergence model. The findings show that: firstly, during the observation period, the modernization level of the national cultural industry chain generally presents a fluctuating upward trend, and the regional differences in the modernization level of the cultural industry chain shows a narrowing trend. Secondly, there is a phenomenon of “club convergence” in the modernization level of provincial cultural industry chain during the observation period, and it is difficult for low-level areas to achieve a transition to a higher development type because there exists a spatial crowding out effect during the convergence procedure. Thirdly, the modernization level of the national cultural industry chain has significantly converged during the observation period. According to the research conclusion, we should further enhance the innovation efficiency of the national cultural industry chain, strengthen the research and development of the core technology of the cultural industry, further expand the market scale of digital cultural products and the cardinal number of cultural enterprises in the northeast and western regions, optimize the spatial layout of the national cultural resource elements, and guide the benign and coordinated development of the modernization of the regional cultural industry chain.

Currently, enterprises are vigorously carrying out digital transformation. So, what impact does digital transformation of enterprises have on their debt financing costs? This paper constructs a dual risk model from the perspectives of information risk and default risk and takes Chinese A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2020 as samples to test the impact of corporate digital transformation on debt financing costs and its affecting mechanism. The findings show that the digital transformation of enterprises can improve the quality of accounting information disclosure and the expected returns of enterprises, thereby reducing their information risk and default risk, and ultimately lowering their debt financing costs. The analysis of the regulated intermediate mechanism reveals that corporate tax avoidance will weaken the role of digital transformation in improving the quality of accounting information disclosure, but enhance the role of digital transformation in improving the expected returns of enterprises. To this end, the government should vigorously promote the digital transformation of enterprises, and enterprises should adopt advanced financial software and big data analysis tools, improve the automation and intelligence level of financial reports, reduce human errors, and enhance the comparability and readability of information.

Improving the modern environmental governance system to promote the coordinated environmental governance is an important measure to achieve the comprehensive green transformation of the economy and society. Based on the “structure-process” model and the text analysis method, this study examines the impact and mechanism of environmental collaborative governance on the ESG performance of heavily polluting enterprises by taking the A-share heavily polluting industries from 2010 to 2021 as samples. The findings show that collaborative environmental governance can improve the ESG performance of the heavily polluting enterprises. The mechanism analysis reveals that environmental collaborative governance can promote green innovation and improve the internal control quality of heavily polluting enterprises, thus improving their ESG performance. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that the improvement effect of environmental collaborative governance on the ESG performance of the heavily polluting enterprises is more significant in regions with larger local government scale and higher public environmental attention. To this end, we need to accelerate the construction of a modern environmental governance system; we should also take precise measures in deepening the coordinated governance of the environment.