当代财经 ›› 2020, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (11): 3-14.

• 理论经济 •    下一篇

自贸试验区的就业效应:虹吸还是辐射

曹翔, 张双龙, 余升国   

  1. 海南大学 经济学院,海南 海口 570228
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-28 修回日期:2020-09-14 出版日期:2020-11-15 发布日期:2020-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 余升国,海南大学副教授,经济学博士,海南大学自贸港营商环境与“放管服”改革团队核心成员,主要从事世界经济和区域经济研究,联系方式lavayu@126.com
  • 作者简介:曹 翔,海南大学讲师,经济学博士,海南大学自贸港海洋经济团队成员,主要从事国际贸易和能源经济研究;张双龙,海南大学博士研究生,主要从事国际贸易研究。
  • 基金资助:
    海南省自然科学基金项目“国际旅游岛战略的旅游出口竞争力效应及其对自由贸易港建设的启示”(719QN201);海南省高等学校科学研究项目“省际比较视角下海南国际旅游消费水平提升策略研究”(Hnky2019-1);海南省哲学社会科学2019年规划课题项目“高质量建设自由贸易港的外资吸引策略研究”(HNSK(QN)19-24);海南省社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色自由贸易港探索进程中服务贸易开放模式及路径”(HNSK(ZD)19-106)

Employment Effects of the Pilot Free Trade Zones: Siphon or Radiation

CAO Xiang, ZHANG Shuang-long, YU Sheng-guo   

  1. Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
  • Received:2020-06-28 Revised:2020-09-14 Online:2020-11-15 Published:2020-12-10

摘要: 自贸试验区拥有的优惠政策和发展潜力对民众就业具有强大吸引力。然而,自贸试验区的设立对就业的影响究竟是表现出吸纳非自贸试验区城市就业的虹吸效应还是带动非自贸试验区城市就业的辐射效应?这一问题对于当前稳定就业和促进就业这一最大的民生工作至关重要。基于2004—2016年中国285个城市的数据和双重差分方法对自贸试验区的就业效应的评估结果表明:自贸试验区的设立显著提升了当地就业水平,对就业的影响未表现出虹吸效应而是表现为辐射效应;自贸试验区的设立对城镇私营和个体从业人员、服务业、非高新技术产业的就业促进作用较大,对高新技术产业的就业促进作用相对较小,而对城镇单位从业人员和第二产业的就业影响不明显;增加政府支出是自贸试验区促进就业的重要途径。

关键词: 自贸试验区, 就业, 虹吸效应, 辐射效应

Abstract: The preferential policies and development potential of the Pilot Free Trade Zones are highly attractive to the people for employment. However, does the impact of the establishment of the Pilot Free Trade Zones on employment show the siphon effect of absorbing urban employment from the non-pilot free trade zones or the radiation effect of promoting urban employment in the non-pilot free trade zones? This issue is of great importance to stabilize employment and promote employment, which is the supreme work of people's livelihood. Based on the data of 285 Chinese cities from 2004 to 2016 and employing the DID method, this paper conducts an assessment of the employment effect of the Pilot Free Trade Zones. The results show that the establishment of the pilot FTZ has significantly improved the local employment level; its impact on the employment shows no siphon effect but radiation effect. The establishment of the pilot FTZ has promoted the employment of urban private and individual firms, the service industry, and the non-high-tech industries rather significantly, but the promotion effect on the employment of the high-tech industry is relatively smaller, while on the employment of the urban work units and the secondary industries this effect is not obvious. One important way for the pilot FTZs to promote employment is to increase the government expenditures.

Key words: pilot free trade zone, employment, siphon effect, radiation effect

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