Abstract: Great remarkable economic growth achievements have been made during the 70 years of new China, which is due to its effective macro-control policies. Based on the retrospect of the economic cycle and the five-year plans during the 70 years of new China, this paper summarizes and reviews the historical context, characteristics in different times and the implementation effect of the macro-control policies in the 70 years of new China. The findings show that the macro-control policy should be based on the actual national conditions and should follow the objective laws of economic development, and that the system of macro-control policy should possess authority and independence. The macro-control policy should adhere to the flexible and measured fiscal policies and the stable yet neutral monetary policies; its focus is achieving reasonable management and control of the investment and the currency, the difficulty is effectively controlling the ambitious development in advance and the excessive intervention behavior of the government, and the target is the regulation and guidance of the healthy and smooth operation of the national economy in a prospective way. Finally, combined with the optimization and perfection of the macro-control policies in the New Era, this paper further puts forward some suggestions: such as the orientation of the macro-control policies should advance and improve the supply-side structural reform in a prospective way, the core aim of the macro-control policy should be positioned at“sustainable and balanced development”, the target of the macro-control policy should be focused on improving total factor productivity and the return on macro investment, and so on.

Key words: 70 years of new China, macro-control system, macro-control policies, sustainable and balanced development