当代财经 ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (5): 19-31.

• 理论经济 • 上一篇    下一篇

人工智能赋能企业高质量发展

欧阳嘉文a, 梅国平a, 何珏b, 季凯文c   

  1. 江西师范大学 a. 管理科学与工程研究中心 b. 经济与管理学院 c. 政法学院,江西 南昌 330022
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-22 修回日期:2026-01-04 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 梅国平,江西师范大学教授,博士生导师,应用数学博士,主要从事管理决策研究,联系方式mmmgggppp@sina.com。
  • 作者简介:欧阳嘉文,江西师范大学博士研究生,主要从事管理决策研究;何珏,江西师范大学讲师,管理学博士,主要从事管理决策研究;季凯文,江西师范大学教授,博士生导师,管理学博士,主要从事产业经济研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“新一代人工智能对中国经济高质量发展的影响、趋向及应对战略研究”(20&ZD068); 国家社会科学基金青年资助项目“数字经济发展影响我国劳动收入份额变动的机理及分配政策研究”(23GLC03306); 江西省教育厅研究生创新基金项目“人工智能赋能家居产业高质量发展的机制与路径研究”(YC2024-B090)

High-Quality Development of Enterprises Enabled by Artificial Intelligence

Ouyang Jia-wen, Mei Guo-ping, He Jue, Ji Kai-wen   

  1. Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
  • Received:2025-10-22 Revised:2026-01-04 Online:2026-05-15 Published:2026-05-22

摘要: 人工智能如何驱动企业高质量发展,已成为数字经济时代的重要议题。现有研究对不同类型人工智能的作用差异及其传导机制关注不足。从人工智能技术异质性及其技术经济特征出发,可将人工智能划分为以替代与协同生产劳动力为特征的“节约型”技术以及以赋能研发劳动力为特征的“增强型”技术。基于2010—2023年中国A股上市公司数据,并结合专利文本分析构建两类人工智能技术指标的实证研究表明,两类人工智能技术均能显著提升企业营业收入与全要素生产率。机制分析表明,“节约型”技术主要通过替代低技能生产劳动力、协同高技能生产劳动力,促进企业劳动力技能水平和资源配置效率提升;“增强型”技术主要通过赋能研发活动、提高知识创造效率,增强企业研发创新能力。进一步分析表明,不同类型人工智能技术在企业内部作用环节、传导机制和经济后果上存在明显差异。上述结论说明,应根据人工智能功能属性实施分类治理,并通过优化人才结构与技术应用场景配置,更好地释放人工智能赋能企业高质量发展的潜力。

关键词: 人工智能, 企业高质量发展, “节约型”技术, “增强型”技术

Abstract: How artificial intelligence drives high-quality development of enterprises has become an important topic in the digital economy era. The existing studies have paid insufficient attention to the differences in the effects of different types of artificial intelligence and their transmission mechanisms. From the perspective of technological heterogeneity and techno-economic characteristics, artificial intelligence can be classified into saving technologies, characterized by substituting for and collaborating with production labor, and enhancing technologies, characterized by empowering R&D labor. An empirical research based on the data of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2010 to 2023, together with two artificial intelligence indicators constructed through patent text analysis, shows that both types of artificial intelligence technologies can significantly improve firms’ operating revenue and total factor productivity. The mechanism analysis shows that saving technologies mainly promote the improvement of firms’ labor skill levels and resource allocation efficiency by substituting for low-skilled production labor and collaborating with high-skilled production labor, whereas enhancing technologies mainly strengthen firms’ R&D innovation capability by empowering R&D activities and improving knowledge creation efficiency. Further analysis shows that different types of artificial intelligence technologies differ significantly in their internal application links, transmission mechanisms, and economic consequences within firms. These findings suggest that governance should be implemented according to the functional attributes of artificial intelligence, and that the potential of artificial intelligence in promoting high-quality enterprise development can be better released by optimizing talent structure and the allocation of technology application scenarios.

Key words: artificial intelligence, high-quality development of enterprises, conservation-oriented technology, enhanced technology

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