当代财经 ›› 2025, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (10): 3-14.

• 理论经济 •    下一篇

人工智能技术应用与劳动投资效率

张萌1, 张永珅2,3   

  1. 1.河南财经政法大学 会计学院,河南 郑州 450046;
    2.兰州财经大学 金融学院,甘肃 兰州 730101;
    3.中国社会科学院 工业经济研究所,北京 100005
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-19 修回日期:2025-08-10 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-23
  • 通讯作者: 张永珅,兰州财经大学副教授,中国社会科学院博士后,管理学博士,主要从事资本市场财务问题研究,联系方式cufezys@outlook.com。
  • 作者简介:张萌,河南财经政法大学讲师,管理学博士,主要从事资本市场财务问题研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目“算力基础设施建设赋能经济高质量发展的机制、路径与政策研究”(24BJY128); 河南省软科学研究计划项目“人工智能对企业劳动投资效率的影响与作用机制研究”(252400412055)

Artificial Intelligence Technology Application and Labor Investment Efficiency

Zhang Meng1, Zhang Yong-shen2,3   

  1. 1. Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046;
    2. Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics, Lanzhou 730101;
    3. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
  • Received:2025-01-19 Revised:2025-08-10 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-23

摘要: 人工智能是推动经济高质量发展的核心驱动力,人工智能技术的应用将对劳动力市场产生重要影响。基于2007—2022年中国沪深A股上市公司数据,从劳动力需求方视角的实证研究表明,人工智能技术应用可以显著提高企业劳动投资效率,主要表现在抑制冗余雇佣方面;从影响机制看,人工智能通过提升人力资本水平、抑制管理者的非理性决策以及强化外部监督三条路径提高企业劳动投资效率;异质性分析表明,在劳动力供应充足、劳动力错配程度低以及制度环境良好的地区,企业人工智能技术应用对劳动投资效率的促进作用更强。因此,应推进人工智能与实体经济深度融合,完善人工智能应用基础设施;以人工智能技术带动就业,优化现有员工的技能结构,提高企业对劳动力的利用效率;强化人工智能作用渠道建设,激活人力资本、决策优化与外部监督效能。

关键词: 人工智能, 劳动投资效率, 人力资本, 非理性决策, 外部监督

Abstract: Artificial intelligence is the core driving force for promoting high-quality economic development. The application of artificial intelligence technology has a significant impact on the labor market. Based on the data of the listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share markets from 2007 to 2022, this paper conducts an empirical study from the perspective of labor demand side. The findings show that the application of artificial intelligence technology can significantly improve labor investment efficiency of enterprises, mainly by reducing redundant employment. From the perspective of the impact mechanism, artificial intelligence enhances the efficiency of corporate labor investment through three pathways: improving the level of human capital, inhibiting irrational decision-making by managers, and strengthening external supervision. The heterogeneity analysis indicates that in regions with abundant labor supply, low labor mismatch, and a favorable institutional environment, the application of artificial intelligence technology in enterprises has a stronger promoting effect on labor investment efficiency. Therefore, we should promote the deep integration of artificial intelligence with the real economy and improve the infrastructure for AI applications. AI technology should be leveraged to drive employment, optimize the skill structure of existing employees, and enhance the efficiency of labor utilization by enterprises. We should strengthen the construction of AI application channels, activate human capital, optimize decision-making, and enhance the effectiveness of external supervision.

Key words: artificial intelligence, labor investment efficiency, human capital, irrational decision-making, external supervision

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