当代财经 ›› 2024, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (2): 42-56.

• 公共经济与管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

财政纵向失衡、民生性支出偏向与地方预算执行紧缩

管智超1, 付敏杰2   

  1. 1.北京大学 政府管理学院,北京 100871;
    2.中国社会科学院 经济研究所,北京 100836
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-31 修回日期:2023-10-23 发布日期:2024-01-23
  • 通讯作者: 管智超,北京大学博士研究生,主要从事财政理论与政策研究,联系方式2201111181@stu.pku.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:付敏杰,中国社会科学院研究员,博士生导师,经济学博士,主要从事经济增长与财政治理研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目“基于中国实践的经济增长理论创新研究”(2022ZDB053); 国家社会科学基金项目“功能财政与国家治理现代化研究”(21BJY068)

Vertical Fiscal Imbalance, Public Expenditure Bias and Local Budget Executive Contraction

GUAN Zhi-chao1, FU Min-jie2   

  1. 1. Peking University, Beijing 100871;
    2. Institute of Economics, CASS, Beijing 100836, China
  • Received:2023-07-31 Revised:2023-10-23 Published:2024-01-23

摘要: 预算制度改革是财政现代化的重要组成部分,地方预算执行紧缩问题综合反映了政府预算管理能力和宏观调控能力的不足。基于中国式财政分权的典型事实,利用1997—2020年我国省际面板数据,实证分析财政纵向失衡、民生性支出偏向对地方预算执行紧缩的多重作用机制和影响效应。结果表明:财政纵向失衡的直接效应将会加重地方预算执行紧缩,但民生性支出偏向会间接地缓解地方预算执行紧缩。异质性分析发现,民生性支出偏向在发达地区加重了地方预算执行紧缩,发达地区失业率和经济发展水平能够缓解地方预算执行紧缩。机制分析发现,财政纵向失衡在总体上加重了地方预算执行紧缩,央地政府财力结构的不合理进一步加重了地方预算执行紧缩。因此,为了缓解地方预算执行紧缩,应控制财政纵向失衡程度,调整央地间财权-事权的分配关系;优化地方政府支出结构,提高民生性支出比重;进一步推进现代预算制度改革,缓解地方预算执行紧缩,落实好预算制度的关键性细节。

关键词: 财政纵向失衡, 民生性支出偏向, 地方预算执行紧缩, 现代预算制度

Abstract: The reform of the budget system is an important part of the public finance modernization. The problem of the local budget executive contraction comprehensively reflects the insufficiency of government’s budget management ability and macro-control ability. Based on the typical facts of Chinese fiscal decentralization, this paper makes use of the inter provincial panel data from 1997 to 2020 in China to conduct an empirical analysis on the multiple mechanisms and the impact effects of vertical fiscal imbalance and public expenditure bias on local budget executive contraction. The results show that the direct effect of vertical fiscal imbalance will aggravate the local budget executive contraction, but the local budget executive contraction can be alleviated indirectly through the people’s livelihood public expenditure bias. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that the bias towards livelihood expenditures in developed regions has deepened the local budget executive contraction, while theunemployment rates and economic development levels in developed regions can alleviate the local budget executive contraction. The mechanism analysis reveals that the vertical fiscal imbalance has generally aggravated the local budget executive contraction, and the irrational financial structure of central and local governments has deepened the local budget executive contraction. Therefore, in order to alleviate the local budget executive contraction, it is necessary to control the degree of vertical fiscal imbalance and adjust the distribution of fiscal power and administrative power between the central and local governments; optimize the structure of local government expenditure structure and increase the proportion of livelihood expenditure; further promote the reform of the modern budget system, alleviate the local budget executive contraction, and implement the key details of the budget system.

Key words: vertical fiscal imbalance, public expenditure bias, local budget executive contraction, modern budget system

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