当代财经 ›› 2023, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (8): 3-14.

• 理论经济 •    下一篇

构建自主可控现代制造业体系面临的挑战、路径与对策

王霞, 傅元海   

  1. 广州大学 经济与统计学院,广东 广州 510006
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-25 修回日期:2023-04-10 发布日期:2023-09-14
  • 通讯作者: 傅元海,广州大学教授,经济学博士,主要从事经济增长、技术进步与产业经济研究,联系方式fuyuanhai1126@163.com。
  • 作者简介:王霞,广州大学博士研究生,主要从事产业经济学研究;
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重点项目“我国现代制造业体系实现自主可控的机制、路径与对策研究”(22AJY023)

The Challenges, Paths and Countermeasures Faced by the Construction of an Autonomous and Controllable Modern Manufacturing System

WANG Xia, FU Yuan-hai   

  1. Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • Received:2023-02-25 Revised:2023-04-10 Published:2023-09-14

摘要: 自主可控的现代制造业体系是构建新发展格局和现代经济体系的关键,也是实现经济高质量发展和塑造国际竞争新优势的内在选择。在重新界定自主可控现代制造业体系的概念与特征的基础上,基于统计数据对中国现代制造业体系自主可控水平的测度和分析结果表明:第一,相较于部分发达国家,中国在全球分工中主要从事加工组装环节,导致制造业整体技术自主水平较低;第二,中国劳动密集型行业的自主可控水平较高,产业链供应链相对安全;第三,高技术密集型行业和部分资源密集型行业对外依存度较高,存在关键核心技术“卡脖子”、产业链供应链断链的风险;第四,中国构建自主可控的现代制造业体系面临着低成本优势丧失、创新尚未成为产业发展的新动能、国际力量对比变化、大国竞争、逆全球化、新冠病毒感染疫情及新一代信息技术革命等内部和外部双重因素叠加带来的严峻挑战。在新发展阶段,中国构建自主可控现代制造业体系的实践路径应以科技自主为核心、安全可控为关键、数字化转型为抓手。

关键词: 现代制造业体系, 自主可控, 关键核心技术, 产业链, 供应链

Abstract: An independent and controllable modern manufacturing system is the key to constructing a new development pattern and a modern economic system, as well as an inherent choice to achieve high-quality economic development and shape the new advantages in international competition. On the basis of redefining the concept and characteristics of an autonomous and controllable modern manufacturing system, this paper conducts a measurement and an analysis of the autonomous and controllable level of China's modern manufacturing system with the statistical data. The findings show that, firstly, compared with some developed countries, China is mainly engaged in the processing and assembly links in the global division of labor, resulting in a low level of technological independence in the overall manufacturing industry. Secondly, the autonomous and controllable level of the labor-intensive industries is high, and the industrial chain and the supply chain are relatively safe. Thirdly, the high technology-intensive industries and some resource-intensive industries have a higher degree of dependence on foreign countries, and there are risks in the core technological bottlenecks, and the industrial chain and supply chain being blocked. Fourthly, the construction of China's autonomous and controllable modern manufacturing system is faced with severe challenges brought by both internal and external factors, such as the loss of low-cost advantages, innovation having not yet become a new driving force for industrial development, changes in the international power balance, competitions among major countries, counter-globalization, the outbreak of COVID-19 and the new generation of information technology revolution, etc.. In the new development stage, the practical path of building an autonomous and controllable modern manufacturing system in China should be taking technological autonomy as the core, the security and controllability as the key, and the digital transformation as the means.

Key words: modern manufacturing system, independent and controllable, core technology, industrial chain, supply chain

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