机器人的应用对我国出口升级的影响研究

当代财经 ›› 2022, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (10): 115-125.

机器人的应用对我国出口升级的影响研究

杜两省, 马雯

东北财经大学经济学院,辽宁大连 116025

收稿日期:2022-04-28 出版日期:2022-10-15 发布日期:2022-10-18
通讯作者: 马雯,东北财经大学博士研究生,主要从事国际贸易和新政治经济学研究,联系方式shimaxiaowen@163.com。
作者简介:杜两省,东北财经大学教授,博士,主要从事宏观经济学和新政治经济学研究
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“明清闭关锁国时期的知识积累与技术进步”（72073021）

A Study on the Impact of the Application of Robots on China's Export Upgrading

DU Liang-sheng, MA Wen

Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian 116025, China

Received:2022-04-28 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 机器人等人工智能技术的应用与出口贸易转型升级均是经济高质量发展阶段学术界共同关注的重要问题,但鲜有文献从微观的视角深入探究企业使用机器人对出口升级的影响。基于此,通过匹配2000—2013年中国工业企业数据库和中国海关数据库的数据,以企业机器人进口作为代理变量,研究了机器人的使用对出口升级的影响和作用机制。研究发现：工业机器人的使用显著促进了以出口技术复杂度衡量的企业出口升级,在替换度量指标、更换不同维度样本以及考虑内生性问题之后,结论仍然稳健。进一步的异质性分析发现,机器人的使用对出口技术复杂度的促进作用在本土企业、一般贸易企业、高技术行业和竞争程度低的行业更为明显。影响机制分析显示,机器人的使用能够提高企业的生产率,降低可变生产成本,进而提升企业的出口技术复杂度,促进出口升级。

关键词: 出口升级, 工业机器人, 出口技术复杂度, 企业异质性

Abstract: The applications of artificial intelligence technologies such as robots and the transformation and upgrading of export trade are both important issues of common concern in the academic circles at the stage of high-quality economic development. However, fewer literatures have explored the impact of enterprises' use of robots on China's export upgrading from a micro perspective.Based on this, by matching the data from the Database of Chinese Industrial Enterprises and the data from the Database of China Customs from 2000 to 2013, this paper studies the impact of the use of robots on export upgrading with the import of enterprise robots as a proxy variable. It is found that the application of industrial robots has significantly promoted the export upgrading of enterprises measured by export technology complexity, and the conclusion is still robust after replacing the measure index, replacingsamples at different dimensions and considering the problem of endogeneity. Further heterogeneity test shows that the promotion effect of the use of robots on export technology complexity is more obvious in local enterprises, general trade enterprises, high-tech industries and industries with lower competition level. The impact mechanism analysis shows that the use of robots can improve the productivity of enterprises, reduce variable production costs, improve the technical complexity of enterprises' export, and promote export upgrading.

Key words: export upgrade, industrial robots, export technology complexity, enterprise heterogeneity

中图分类号:

F424
F752

杜两省, 马雯. 机器人的应用对我国出口升级的影响研究[J]. 当代财经, 2022, 0(10): 115-125.

DU Liang-sheng, MA Wen. A Study on the Impact of the Application of Robots on China's Export Upgrading[J]. Contemporary Finance & Economics, 2022, 0(10): 115-125.

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