当代财经 ›› 2020, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (12): 26-38.

• 理论经济 • 上一篇    下一篇

地级市政府财政压力、土地财政与土地供应策略

黄思明1,2, 王乔2   

  1. 1.中央财经大学 财政税务学院,北京 100081;
    2.江西财经大学 财税与公共管理学院,江西 南昌 330013
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-14 修回日期:2020-10-13 出版日期:2020-12-15 发布日期:2021-01-07
  • 通讯作者: 黄思明,中央财经大学博士后,江西财经大学副教授,博士,主要从事财税理论与政策研究,联系方式huangsiming@jxufe.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:王乔,江西财经大学教授,博士生导师,博士,主要从事财税理论与政策研究
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目“国家创新驱动发展战略的财税支持政策研究”(16ZDA028); 江西省教育科学规划重点课题“财政分权视角下的地方高等教育投入与经济协调发展研究”(ZD015); 江西省教育厅科技项目“促进科技发展的财税政策研究”(GJJ180275)

Fiscal Pressure, Land Finance and Land Supply Strategy of Prefecture Level Governments

HUANG Si-ming1,2, WANG Qiao2   

  1. 1. Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081;
    2. Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Jiangxi 330013, China
  • Received:2020-08-14 Revised:2020-10-13 Online:2020-12-15 Published:2021-01-07

摘要: 在新冠肺炎疫情全球冲击、国际经济形势严峻等大背景下,我国地级市政府面临前所未有的财政压力。根据财政分权理论,将地级市政府税收分成变化、土地财政行为与土地供应策略纳入分析框架,通过回归分析发现:面对财政压力,地级市政府对土地财政收入表现为显著依赖,西部较东部、中部地区对土地的依赖程度更加明显;在土地供应策略的路径选择上,地级市政府更多地采取提高土地供应平均价格的融资模式。因此,需要从以下四个方面进行改革:一是优化省(自治区和直辖市)、市、县三级政府间财政关系,实施差异化的税收分成制度;二是完善地方政府官员的约束与激励机制,改革和调整土地管理方式;三是中央政府增加财政专项转移支付,整合分散在部门管理中的同类专项转移支付资金;四是调整优化地级市政府财政支出结构,提高财政资金使用效率。

关键词: 地级市政府, 地方财政压力, 土地财政, 土地供应策略, 政府间财政关系

Abstract: In the context of COVID-19 raging around the world and the severe situation of the international economy, the prefecture level municipal governments in China are faced with the unprecedented financial pressure. According to the theory of fiscal decentralization, this paper puts?the changes of tax revenue distribution, land fiscal action and land supply strategy of prefecture level municipal governments into the analytical framework and conducts a regression analysis. The results show that faced with the financial pressure, the prefecture level municipal governments have a significant dependence on land fiscal revenue, and the western region is more dependent on land than the eastern and central regions. As for the path selection of land supply strategy, the prefecture level municipal governments are more inclined to adopt the financing mode of raising the average price of land supply. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct the reform in the following four aspects (1)optimize the financial relationship among provincial, municipal and county governments, and implementing a differentiated tax sharing system; (2)improving the constraint and incentive mechanisms of local government officials, and reforming and adjusting the land management methods; (3)increasing the special transfer payment of finance by the central government, and integrating the similar special transfer payment funds scattered in the department management; (4)adjusting and optimizing the expenditure structure of local governments, and improving the efficiency of the use of fiscal funds.

Key words: prefecture-level governments, local fiscal pressure, land finance, land supply strategy, financial relationship between governments

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