Abstract: The national development and state governance of China cannot be separated from the leadership of the Communist Party of China; however, the roles of political parties have been obscured in theoretical researches. The theoretical paradigm of“the governance of China”under the leadership of the century-old large Party can reveal the unique logic of“the governance of China”. The“governance of China”under the leadership of the century-old large Party is based on the system, which is reflected in the structure of China's national system and the operation of the national governance system. The institutional panorama and functional mechanism of the century-old large Party are mainly manifested as follows: first, the Party's central organization and its institutionalized operation have an overall leadership over the national governance; second, the deliberation and coordination agency system for the central decision-making has an overall planning and leadership over major tasks; third, the Party group (Party committee) system exerts an embedded leadership to non-party organizations; the fourth is the classified leadership of the centralized and coordinated management system for specific governance matters; the fifth is the unified leadership of the discipline inspection and supervision system over the supervision system; the sixth is the Party's absolute leadership system over the people's army with a firm grasp of military power; and the seventh is the effective integration of social forces by the system of unified leadership of the Party committee over the mass groups. The main body shaping of the century-old large Party is the biggest independent variable and decisive factor in determining the efficiency of national governance. Therefore, it is necessary to drive the governance of the country through the governance of the Party, so as to promote the efficiency of national governance.

Key words: a century-old large Party, “Governance of China”, theoretical paradigm, institutional panorama, optimization mechanism