Abstract: During the 14 year history, Jiangxi Agricultural Institute in the Republic of China made a lot of achievements, such as vigorously engaged in the researching and popularizing of agricultural science and technology, promoting agricultural education, and so on. To a certain extent, it promoted the modernization of Jiangxi rural society. However, in general, although the staff engaged in science and technology work at Jiangxi Agricultural Institute made ??unremitting efforts, the social and economic performance of the institute was far from satisfaction, not reaching the ultimate goal of reviving the rural areas. This historic lesson is worth reflection by our contemporaries: to solve the agricultural issues, we should depend on agricultural science and technology; also the introduction and cultivation of rural talents is of vital importance; while the most important factor is the farmers’ own participation and a stable social environment.

Key words: Jiangxi Agricultural Institute during Republic of China; agricultural science and technology; performance