Abstract: The hierarchical state theory is the main content of the system theory, which emphasizes the differences and synergies of the different system levels. This theory is universally applicable. It can be seen that the hierarchical state theory is implied in the ecological management ideology and practice in the Song Dynasty. The objects of the governance could be divided into such levels as plants, water and soil, animal, natural landscape etc.. The methods for the governance could be divided into such levels as protection, intervention and ecological environment utilization, etc.. The governance was based on the people-oriented objective, trying to achieve the harmony between Man and Nature. The ecological governance of hierarchical state in the Song Dynasty can give the present society such inspiration that the natural ecology should be governed through a comprehensive and multi-level method, combining protection, intervention and utilization, so as to use the nature sustainably in a harmonious manner between Man and Nature.

Key words: the Song Dynasty; ecological governance; hierarchical state; harmony between Man and Nature