Abstract: Starting from the law of development of the relationship between industry and agriculture, this paper reviews the evolution of the relationship between industry and agriculture by dividing the course into two periods: agriculture supporting industry and industry nurturing agriculture. Although brilliant achievements have been gained on the urban-rural coordinated development in China, the problem of uneven developments in urban and rural areas is still prominent, which are mainly reflected on such issues as unequal exchanges of production factors between urban and rural areas and inequality of public service supply between urban and rural areas. To deal with the problems of uneven development in urban and rural area, the reforms of household registration system and land system must be proceeded synchronously, a fair and unified urban-rural labor market should be established, the rural financial resources should be ensured to support the rural development, and at the same time the transformation of the government functions from “economic development type” into “public service type” should be realized as soon as possible.

Key words: relationship between workers and peasants; urban and rural development; policy consideration