Abstract: In recent years, the precisely targeted poverty alleviation policy has promoted the fast growth of the family income of the rural poor residents. After the increase of their income, this policy will surely exert an influence on the consumption behavior and consumption structure of the households of rural poor residents. This paper makes use of the household survey data of 315 households in one county of Jiangxi province and divides them into two groups, namely, the poverty relief group and the control group, then it employs the propensity score matching （PSM）method to estimate the effect of the precisely targeted poverty alleviation policy on the consumption of rural poor residents. The findings show that the precisely targeted poverty alleviation policy has a significant impact on the consumption of rural poor residents, of which, the promotion effect on the living expenses and education expenditure is the greatest, with an increase by 31.3% and 47.7% respectively. The precisely targeted poverty alleviation policy has a slightly lower degree of impact on communication expenditures, other expenditures, and clothing expenses, and its impact on food expenditure and transportation expenditure is the smallest. During the process of in-depth promotion of the precisely targeted poverty alleviation policy, it is necessary to focus on the policies that can help poor households to increase income and achieve sustainable poverty alleviation, eliminate the inefficient poverty alleviation policies, and reduce the cost of poverty alleviation policies. Meanwhile, it is also necessary to exercise classified management of such policies, strengthen the effect evaluation on different targeted poverty alleviation policies, pay close attention to the changes of the consumption demand of the poverty group, so as to further carry out the precisely targeted poverty alleviation policy

Key words: precisely targeted poverty alleviation; rural poor residents; household consumption