Abstract: Strengthening national strategic scientific and technological forces and developing a national laboratory system are crucial strategic decisions for deepening the reform of the scientific and technological system and advancing the Chinese path to modernization. The interconnection of enterprises through the supply chain is an important form of coordinated development for Chinese enterprises. Taking the A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2005 to 2023 as the research objects, this paper manually collates the relevant data of the State Key Laboratory of enterprises, and tests the impact of national strategic scientific and technological strength on the total factor productivity of supply chain enterprises. The findings show that the establishment of enterprises'State Key Laboratories has an asymmetric impact on the total factor productivity of supply chain enterprises. Compared with the enterprises without State Key Laboratory, the total factor productivity of the downstream enterprises of the enterprises with such laboratories has increased by about 12.2%, while the impact on the total factor productivity of their upstream enterprises is not significant. Through the decomposition of total factor productivity, it is found that the State Key Laboratories of upstream enterprises can promote the improvement of total factor productivity by improving the efficiency of resource allocation of downstream enterprises and promoting technological progress. The heterogeneity testing reveals that this impact is more significant in the high-tech industry enterprises, the enterprises with fierce industry competition, the enterprises with close supply chain connections, and the enterprises with relatively strong upstream enterprises. Therefore, it is essential to further optimize the layout of State Key Laboratories in the upstream segment of the industrial chain, encourage collaboration among upstream and downstream supply chain partners, and strengthen the strategic leading role of upstream enterprises. This will fully leverage the role of national strategic scientific and technological strength in enhancing the connected development of enterprises.

Key words: enterprise state key laboratory, total factor productivity, integrated development, technological progress, resource allocation efficiency