Abstract: Developing new-quality productive forces is a crucial focus for driving high-quality development, which requires the formation of corresponding new-type production relations. These new-type production relations represent the latest manifestation of China’s socialist production relations under the conditions of new-quality productive forces. Talent serves as the primary resource for developing new-quality productive forces, making the cultivation and development of new-type laborers who meet the requirements of these forces the central point and foundation for establishing new-type production relations. Therefore, establishing the legitimacy of labor force ownership is the key, thereby constructing new-type production relations from the perspective of labor force ownership. Labor force ownership universally exists in various forms across all societies and is intrinsically linked to the ownership of means of production. From a theoretical perspective, the nature and function of labor force ownership depend on the nature and conditions of means of production ownership, fostering and developing the labor force based on a new type of production relationship dominated by public ownership. From a practical standpoint, constructing new-type production relations should be based on the research, development, and application of new-type means of production, incorporating these means into the public ownership framework to provide the necessary conditions for new-type laborers to play a leading role, and enabling workers to acquire new labor skills in digital production methods.

Key words: new quality productive forces, new type of production relations, labor force ownership, new type of laborers