Abstract: With the changes of forestry production and operation environment, the lower and single forest insurance guarantee level cannot meet the actual risk guarantee needs of forest operators in the new situation and under the new background. Therefore, firstly, based on the theory of reasonable hypothesis, this paper explores the differentiated risk guarantee needs of heterogeneous forest operators under the background of income differentiation and large-scale operation. Then, starting from the influencing factors of guarantee level and the way of setting, it explores the policy choice and setting of China’s forest insurance security level under the new background from the two dimensions of improving the security level and increasing the layers of security level. The results show that forest insurance plays the strongest role in ensuring the risks and income of forestry specialized households, followed by forestry households with combined occupations, and non-forest households are the weakest. The overall insurance income level of each forest operation subject increases with the improvement of the guarantee level, and the risk protection demand of forest operation subjects in high-risk areas is higher than that in lower-risk areas. Meanwhile, compared with small forest farmers, the new forestry operation subjects have greater expected benefits due to their participation in insurance against natural risks and financial risks, and have higher requirements for the risk guarantee level of forest insurance. In addition, based on the survey data of the replanting cost of eucalyptus forest, pine forest and Chinese fir forest, the basic guarantee level of forest insurance is set at 1500 yuan / mu, on this basis, the multi-layer guarantee level is improved and set; at the same time, the differentiated multi-layer guarantee level should be set by considering these three kinds of tree species and tree age, so as to realize the “standard raising” and “variety increasing” of forest insurance guarantee level.

Key words: forest insurance, income disparity, operation scale, heterogeneous silvicultural subject