Abstract: To win the battle against poverty is the fundamental guarantee for the realization of a well-off society in an all-round way. At the present stage, the problem of poverty differentiation in China's rural areas is prominent; the marginal efficiency of the poverty alleviation policies is decreasing and the marginal cost is rising. In this context, the rural labor mobility as a spontaneous economic decision-making behavior is the main policy tendency to help the impoverished people out of poverty. However, the internal and external environment of rural labor mobility in poverty-stricken areas has changed fundamentally in the new era, which poses a great challenge to its poverty reduction effect. Therefore, this paper examines the current situation of rural labor mobility and poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken areas based on the micro-survey data of farmers in the representative continuous destitute areas and analyzes in depth the practical difficulties they are facing. On this basis, from the perspective of three-dimensional structure, combined with such macro-strategies as precise poverty alleviation, rural revitalization and new urbanization development, this paper points out five feasible policy optimization paths, such as to speed up the specialty industries in the poverty-stricken areas, to promote the local non-agricultural employment of the labors, and so on.

Key words: poverty-stricken areas, rural labor mobility, poverty alleviation, realistic dilemma, policy choice