Abstract: The reality of China’s transformation and promotion of in-depth reform calls for fairness and justice, and social fairness and justice requires the protection of the rule by law. Reflections from the perspective of economic philosophy can discover the deep-seated reasons highlighted by the problem of justice and rule by law, which are closely linked with the three important factors of market, capital and power. In particular, the market“de-intercalated”from society would lead to polarization; the“disembodying”capital would give rise to the modern paradox; the fuzzy authority limitation is faced with the double tests of whether power is sustainable and whether society can be healthy. Therefore, the implementation path for social fairness and justice and the rule by law is to handle the dialectical relationship between market and government, to abandon actively the logical paradox of capital so as to foster civic spirit, to clarify the authority limitation and grasp firmly and continuously the work of anti-corruption and anti-corrosion.

Key words: fairness and justice; rule by law; market; capital; power