Abstract: By setting up a multi-level linear model with the factors affecting employee’s improvisation behavior, the study puts forward some corresponding theoretical assumptions. Then it conducts a hypothesis testing with the hierarchical linear model approach on the questionnaire survey of 515 employees and 94 groups. At the individual level, resource availability and transformational leadership has a positive effect on the staff improvisation behavior; while the job autonomy has a positive effect on the staff improvisation behavior but not obvious. On the group level, the sense of psychological security has significant direct cross-level influence on staff improvisation behavior.

Key words: improvisational behavior; multi-level linear model; transformational leadership; sense of psychological security