Abstract: Taking the countryside of Jiangxi Province as a case, this paper establishes a endogenous economic growth model of human capital in Jiangxi rural area to analyze the influence of the accumulation of human capital on rural economic growth and the reasons for the slow economic growth in rural areas, then verifies the contributions and roles of human capital to the economic growth in rural areas. This analysis shows that the contribution of the human capital investment of Jiangxi Province from 1995 to 2010 to economic growth is 64.72%, the contribution rate of physical capital investment to the economic growth is 27.41%, which is far less than the contribution rate of human capital. From the perspective of human capital, in order to promote the human capital accumulation in Jiangxi rural area so as to boost the rural economic development and increase farmers’ income, such measures must be taken as to guide the rural people to have the idea of human capital investment, to improve farmers’ level of education and skills, etc..

Key words: human capital; endogenous economic growth; the contribution rate of human capital; farmers’ increased income