江西财经大学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (5): 92-102.

• “三农”研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

改革开放以来农户经营规模扩大的阶段性特征与要素瓶颈分析:基于要素配置的研究视角

蔡键1, 黄颖2   

  1. 1.华南农业大学 经济管理学院,广东 广州 510642;
    2.仲恺农业工程学院 管理学院,广东 广州 510225
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-03 修回日期:2020-06-14 出版日期:2020-09-25 发布日期:2020-11-03
  • 通讯作者: 黄 颖,仲恺农业工程学院讲师,博士,主要从事农村人力资源管理研究,联系方式784102640@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:蔡 键,华南农业大学副教授,博士,主要从事农村金融与农户行为研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目“农村金融市场发育对种粮大户形成的影响机理研究”(71703042); 广东省教育科学“十三五”规划2019年度高校哲学社会科学专项研究项目“习近平乡村振兴思想与加快改变广东农村落后面貌的实践研究”(2019GXJK033); 国家社会科学基金重大项目“乡村振兴与深化农村土地制度改革研究”(19ZDA115); 2019年度广东高校特色创新项目(社科)“乡村振兴战略下村干部的胜任力与绩效管理研究”(KA2001976)

An Analysis of the Stage Characteristics and Factor Bottlenecks of the Expansion of Farmers' Operation Scale since Reform and Opening-up: From the Perspective of Factor Allocation

CAI Jian1, HUANG Ying2   

  1. 1. South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642;
    2. Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
  • Received:2020-01-03 Revised:2020-06-14 Online:2020-09-25 Published:2020-11-03

摘要: 农户经营规模扩大是农业要素组合配置的结果。随着要素市场化程度的不断提升,要素组合配置可通过流转替代的市场途径来实现。基于中国改革开放四十年的现实背景,从要素组合配置的视角对改革开放以来农户经营规模扩大的阶段性差异特征、内在逻辑及每个阶段的要素瓶颈进行分析,以期形成一般性经验。研究结果表明:第一,自然属性使得农业对土地有绝对依赖性,进而决定土地市场或者土地租赁(流转)市场发育是农户扩大经营规模的基础条件;第二,农户经营规模扩大是土地要素与劳动力要素组合配置的结果,中国农业劳动力流向城镇的现实条件决定了农业机械和农机作业服务市场发育是农户进一步扩大经营规模的一般条件;第三,土地、劳动力及其替代要素的市场化程度不断提高,使得资本(信贷)市场发育成为农户实现规模化经营的门槛条件。据此,结合农业固有的风险特征,进一步地农业保险市场发育是未来初成规模的农户能否稳定生产的保障条件。

关键词: 农户经营规模, 阶段性特征, 要素组合配置, 要素瓶颈, 市场发育

Abstract: The expansion of farmers' operation scale can be attributed to the combinatorial allocation of factors. As the level of factor marketization keeps increasing, the combinatorial allocation of factors can be achieved through the circulation and substitution of market channels. The findings show that, firstly, it is its natural property that makes the agriculture have absolute dependence on the land, thereby resulting in the fact that the development of the land market or land leasing (transferring) market is the basic conditions for the expansion of farmers' operation scale. Secondly, the expansion of farmer's operation scale is a result of the combinatorial allocation of the factors of land and labor, and the reality of China's agricultural labor flowing to urban areas leads to the fact that the development of agricultural machinery market and the relevant operational service market is a general condition for farmers to further expand their business scale. Thirdly, the constantly improved marketability of land, labor, and their substitutes makes the development of capital (credit) market a threshold condition for farmers to realize scaled operation.

Key words: farmers' operation scale;, stage characteristics, combinatorial allocation of factors, factor bottleneck, market development

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