保护地役权的理论证成与体系定位

江西财经大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (6): 113-125.

保护地役权的理论证成与体系定位

阙占文

中山大学法学院, 广东广州 501275

收稿日期:2024-03-26 修回日期:2024-07-17 出版日期:2024-11-25 发布日期:2024-11-29
作者简介:阙占文,中山大学南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（珠海）副教授,主要从事环境法学、国际法学研究,联系方式quezhw@mail.sysu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金项目“自然保护地体系中的保护地役权研究”（22FFXB057）

Theoretical Proof and Systematic Positioning of Protecting Servitude Rights

QUE Zhan-wen

Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 501275, China

Received:2024-03-26 Revised:2024-07-17 Online:2024-11-25 Published:2024-11-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 建立自然保护地是保护生物多样性的主要方式。政府通过征收或交易取得土地后建立自然保护地,但面临成本和管理挑战;运用命令—控制等手段直接规制集体或私人土地上的生态环境无法适应生态空间的异质性。激励土地权利人和社会组织共同参与自然生态保护的合作治理理念被广泛接受。保护地役权是自愿创设的可持续保护负担,具有非占有、意定和追及效力等主要特点,可以归入私法地役权之中。同时,保护地役权以自然生态保护为目标,不以需役地为要件,且可以为供役地人创设积极作为义务。比较法上,美国和法国等国家将保护地役权归入私法地役权或物上之债,但澳大利亚等国家更多赋予其公法色彩。保护地役权难以为《民法典》现有地役权规范所涵摄。为了满足物权法定要求,有必要分阶段地在自然保护地单行法和《生态环境法典》中明确保护地役权类型和效力。

关键词: 保护地役权, 合作治理, 体系定位

Abstract: Establishing nature reserves is the main way to protect biodiversity. The government establishes nature reserves by acquiring or trading land, but faces cost and management challenges. The use of command and control measures to directly regulate the ecological environment on collective or private land cannot adapt to the heterogeneity of ecological space. The cooperative governance concept of encouraging land rights holders and social organizations to participate in natural ecological protection has been widely accepted. Protective servitude is a voluntary and sustainable burden of protection, characterized by non possession, determination, and retroactive effect, and can be classified under private law servitude. At the same time, the protection of servitude aims to protect the natural ecology, does not require servitude as a prerequisite, and can create positive obligations for the providers of servitude. In the comparative laws, countries such as the United States and France classify the protection of servitude as private law servitude or debt over property, but countries such as Australia give it more public law color. The protection of servitude is difficult to be covered by the existing norms of servitude in the Civil Code. In order to meet the legal requirements of property rights, it is necessary to clarify the types and effectiveness of protected easements in separate laws on natural protected areas and the Ecological Environment Code in stages.

Key words: protection of servitude, collaborative governance, system positioning

中图分类号:

D912.7

阙占文. 保护地役权的理论证成与体系定位[J]. 江西财经大学学报, 2024, 0(6): 113-125.

QUE Zhan-wen. Theoretical Proof and Systematic Positioning of Protecting Servitude Rights[J]. Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, 2024, 0(6): 113-125.

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