Abstract: By applying the principal component analytical method, this paper constructs a set of environmental pollution index to reflect the degree of environmental pollution. This index shows that the overall environmental pollution situation in Jiangxi province remained stable between 1990 and 1997, after 1998, however, it has the trend of increasingly worsening year by year. Then this paper makes a further analysis of the relationship between the level of economic development in Jiangxi province, the industrial structure changes and the environmental pollution. The results show that there exists a “positive N-type” curve relationship between the comprehensive pollution index of Jiangxi province and per capita GDP. There is a significant positive correlation between the industrial added value to GDP and the proportion of heavy industry output value to the total industrial output value and the environmental pollution comprehensive index. While the change of proportion of the tertiary industry has no significant impact on the environmental pollution, the trade openness has intensified the environmental pollution in Jiangxi, and the investment in the industrial pollution regulation has not significantly improved the environmental pollution situation in Jiangxi province.

Key words: level of economic development; industrial structure; environmental pollution; pollution control