Abstract: An independent and controllable modern manufacturing system is the key to constructing a new development pattern and a modern economic system, as well as an inherent choice to achieve high-quality economic development and shape the new advantages in international competition. On the basis of redefining the concept and characteristics of an autonomous and controllable modern manufacturing system, this paper conducts a measurement and an analysis of the autonomous and controllable level of China's modern manufacturing system with the statistical data. The findings show that, firstly, compared with some developed countries, China is mainly engaged in the processing and assembly links in the global division of labor, resulting in a low level of technological independence in the overall manufacturing industry. Secondly, the autonomous and controllable level of the labor-intensive industries is high, and the industrial chain and the supply chain are relatively safe. Thirdly, the high technology-intensive industries and some resource-intensive industries have a higher degree of dependence on foreign countries, and there are risks in the core technological bottlenecks, and the industrial chain and supply chain being blocked. Fourthly, the construction of China's autonomous and controllable modern manufacturing system is faced with severe challenges brought by both internal and external factors, such as the loss of low-cost advantages, innovation having not yet become a new driving force for industrial development, changes in the international power balance, competitions among major countries, counter-globalization, the outbreak of COVID-19 and the new generation of information technology revolution, etc.. In the new development stage, the practical path of building an autonomous and controllable modern manufacturing system in China should be taking technological autonomy as the core, the security and controllability as the key, and the digital transformation as the means.

Key words: modern manufacturing system, independent and controllable, core technology, industrial chain, supply chain