Abstract: The system of the National People’s Congress is the fundamental political system of China, which determines the inherent requirements and essence of the supervision by the National People’s Congress. In the past decade of the new era, starting from the essence of the supervision by the National People’s Congress and following the requirements of the CPC’s basic line of centering around economic construction, the supervision by the National People’s Congress has been further expanded from budget review supervision and state-owned asset management supervision to economic supervision, and the three milestone achievements have been made.Especially, the Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on Strengthening Supervision over Economic Work was passed in 2021, which endows the National People’s Congress with profound connotations in economic supervision from both broad and narrow perspectives. In order to further strengthen and improve the supervision work of the National People’s Congress in the new era, this paper reviews the development of the National People’s Congress system over the past decade and summarizes the practical exploration of economic supervision by the National People’s Congress, including the budget review and supervision by the National People’s Congress, from the perspectives of the supervisory subject and the supervisory objects. In the future, the National People’s Congress should, in accordance with the framework and requirements of the supervision and the economic supervisionby the National People’s Congress, help to realize the Chinese style modernization with the modernization of the economic supervision by the National People’s Congress and make great contributions to the comprehensively promotion of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, by putting efforts into combining the two institutional foundations and closely grasping the changes in domestic and international situations.

Key words: supervision by the People's Congress, economic supervision by the People's Congress, budget review and supervision by the People's Congress, plan review and supervision by the People's Congress