Abstract: Compiling a natural resource balance sheet is a prerequisite for the implementation of the off-service audit of the natural resource assets and the accountability system for ecological and environmental damages before the leading officials leave their offices; it also helps to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. The study of the natural resource balance sheet still faces some theoretical problems, and it is still a huge challenge to compile a set of reproducible and highly operable natural resource balance sheets. Reconstructing the theoretical framework of natural resource balance sheets with reference to ecological footprint ideas can solve some theoretical problems and make the preparations for the plan more maneuverable. The trial compilation results based on the data of the whole province of Jiangxi and the three cities of Nanchang, Ji’an and Ganzhou show that the total equity value of land resources in Jiangxi Province in 2018 is approximately 118 trillion yuan. In the total value composition, forest land, arable land, wetland, and grassland account for about 75%, 9%, 8%, and 8% respectively. In 2018, the value of land liabilities in Jiangxi Province was approximately 3.46 trillion yuan. In 2018, the value of land resource equity in Ganzhou, Ji’an, and Nanchang were 26.77, 18.21, and 4.29 trillion yuan respectively. In 2018, the value of land resources in Jiangxi Province was about 21 times the value of physical capital stock and about 54 times the gross regional product. This result is more credible than that of other existing studies, and it also proves that “clear waters and green mountains are as good as mountains of gold and silver”.

Key words: natural resource balance sheet, ecological footprint method, land resources, carbon neutral