Abstract: The accounting conservatism has always been a hot spot among the researches both at home and abroad. Based on an empirical study, this paper chooses the new accounting standards and the A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2008 to 2012 after the implementation of the new tax law as the samples to explore the influence of the differences between accounting standards and tax laws on the accounting conservatism. Considering the present situation of extensive use of fair value measurement in the new accounting standards, it further studies whether the differences between accounting standards and tax law would further decrease the accounting conservatism in the companies adopting fair value measurement. The empirical results show that the differences between accounting standards and tax laws are significantly and negatively correlated with accounting conservatism, namely, the larger the differences are, the weaker the accounting conservatism is. When the fair value measurement is used, the differences between accounting standards and tax laws would further weaken the accounting conservatism, namely, the negative correlation between the two will become stronger.

Key words: fair value; the differences between accounting standards and tax law; conditional conservatism