Abstract: Since the reform and opening up, the concept of development based on utilitarianism has not only brought rapid economic growth, but also caused a lot of negative consequences. In the context of realizing the Chinese Dream, it is necessary to reflect the utilitarian concept of development and propose an alternative paradigm. In all possible alternative frameworks, Amartya Sen’s capability approach, which inherites Marx’s view of comprehensive development of human freedom, always adheres to a human-centered position to criticize utilitarianism, thus it can best meet the requirements for the realization of the Chinese dream. The inspiration of the capability approach lies in that: first, being helpful to change the current mode of economic development so as to embark on a sustainable path; second, emphasizing the spiritual initiative of human being, so as to advance and enrich our national spirit and the spirit of the times; third, advocating reaching consensus through dialogue and consultation, so as to unite the national people’s strength.

Key words: Chinese Dream; utilitarianism; capability approach