当代财经 ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (9): 30-42.

• 财政金融 • 上一篇    下一篇

社会保险费征管改革加速了企业“机器换人”吗

刘佳慧1, 谌新民1, 赵合云2   

  1. 1.华南师范大学 经济与管理学院,广东 广州 510006;
    2.广东财经大学 财政税务学院,广东 广州 510320
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-21 修回日期:2026-07-12 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-09-14
  • 通讯作者: 刘佳慧(1994—),女,安徽安庆人,华南师范大学博士研究生,主要从事社会保障与就业研究,联系方式2023010013@m.scnu.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:谌新民(1962—),男,江西高安人,华南师范大学教授,博士生导师,经济学博士,主要从事社会保障与就业研究;赵合云(1972—),男,湖南邵阳人,广东财经大学教授,管理学博士,主要从事政府预算管理、社会保障研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目“区块链共享治理机制与混改企业治理效率提升研究”(20BGL076)

Has the Reform of Social Insurance Premium Collection Accelerated “Machine Replacement” in Enterprises

Liu Jiahui1, Chen Xinmin1, Zhao Heyun2   

  1. 1. South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
    2. Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China
  • Received:2025-08-21 Revised:2026-07-12 Online:2026-09-15 Published:2026-09-14

摘要: 推动制造业智能化转型是破解人口老龄化约束、促进制造业高质量发展的关键路径,而社会保险费征管改革引致的要素价格变动为企业智能化转型提供了重要的制度推力。基于2013—2023年A股制造业上市公司数据并以2018年社会保险费征管改革方案作为准自然实验的实证研究,考察了该改革对企业“机器换人”的影响及作用机制。研究发现,社会保险费征管改革显著加快了企业“机器换人”的进程。异质性分析显示,该效应在成本调整难度较大、税收负担较轻以及税收征管力度较大的地区的企业中更为显著。机制检验进一步揭示,改革通过抬高劳动成本促进劳动—资本替代,以及增加高技能劳动力需求实现资本—技术互补,从而提高企业工业机器人应用水平。因此,亟待全方位深化社会保险费征管改革,筑牢法治根基,强化技术支撑;协同释放其引致的要素替代与技能互补效应,提升工业机器人应用水平;聚焦转型压力最紧迫的企业与区域,精准施策,以有效引导企业智能化转型。

关键词: 社会保险费征管, 税务全责征收, 企业税负压力, 企业“机器换人”

Abstract: Promoting the intelligent transformation of the manufacturing sector is a critical pathway to mitigate demographic aging constraints and to foster high-quality manufacturing development. The reform of social insurance premium collection may serve as an institutional impetus for firms’ intelligent upgrading by inducing changes in factor prices. Using a panel of A-share listed manufacturing firms in China from 2013 to 2023, this study treats the 2018 reform plan on social insurance premium collection as a quasi-natural experiment and empirically examines its effects and mechanisms on firms’“machine replacement”. The results indicate that the reform significantly accelerates firms’ adoption of industrial robots. Heterogeneity analyses further show that the effect is more pronounced among firms facing greater difficulty in cost adjustments, firms with a lighter tax burden, and firms located in regions with stronger tax enforcement. Mechanism tests suggest that the reform promotes labor-capital substitution by increasing labor costs and enhances capital-technology complementarity by raising demand for high-skilled labor, thereby improving firms’ industrial robot intensity. Accordingly, policy efforts should further advance the reform by strengthening its legal foundations and technological support, leverage the induced factor substitution and skill-complementarity effects to facilitate robot adoption, and implement targeted measures for firms and regions under the greatest transformation pressure to guide intelligent manufacturing upgrading effectively.

Key words: social insurance premium collection, tax authority full responsibility for collection, corporate tax burden pressure, enterprise machine replacement

中图分类号: