生物医药产业高质量发展战略与路径研究：基于新结构经济学理论

当代财经 ›› 2025, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (1): 3-16.

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生物医药产业高质量发展战略与路径研究：基于新结构经济学理论

林毅夫¹, 王勇¹, 朱兰^2,1

1.北京大学新结构经济学研究院,北京 100871;
2.中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所,北京 100732

收稿日期:2024-09-23 修回日期:2024-11-28 出版日期:2025-01-15 发布日期:2025-02-12
通讯作者: 朱兰,中国社会科学院副研究员,北京大学兼职副研究员,经济学博士,主要从事产业升级、绿色创新与收入分配研究,联系方式lanzhu@nsd.pku.edu.cn。
作者简介:林毅夫,北京大学教授,博士生导师,经济学博士,主要从事新结构经济学研究;王勇,北京大学长聘副教授,博士生导师,经济学博士,主要从事产业升级、收入分配与经济增长研究。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金专项项目“中国经济增长与经济结构转型研究：基于新结构经济学的新范式”（72141301）; 教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“规模优势与大国经济发展研究”（2023J2DZ017）; 教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目招标课题“战略性新兴产业融合集群发展研究”（23JZD011）; 中国社会科学院经济大数据与政策评估实验室支持项目（2024SYZH004）

A Study of the Strategies and Pathways for Advancing High-Quality Growth in the Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry: From the Perspective of New Structural Economics

Lin Yi-fu¹, Wang Yong¹, Zhu Lan^2,1

1. Peking University, Beijing 100871;
2. Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100732, China

Received:2024-09-23 Revised:2024-11-28 Online:2025-01-15 Published:2025-02-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物医药产业是做大做优做强生物经济、培育发展新质生产力的重要内容。生物医药包括仿制药和创新药,不同经济体生物医药产业结构存在较大差异。基于新结构经济学理论框架将中国、印度和日本三国生物医药产业发展进行纵向与横向对比的案例研究表明,纵向上,随着发展阶段和要素禀赋结构转变,中印日三国生物医药产业都出现了从仿制药向创新药的结构转变,产业政策经历了从保护本土到对外开放、从技术引进到自主创新、从基本医疗保障到全面覆盖等系列动态调整;横向上,中低收入阶段的印度依托要素成本优势集中发展仿制药,中高收入阶段的中国逐渐从仿制药向创新药转型,高收入阶段的日本专注于创新药的发展。综合来说,发展阶段和要素禀赋结构是影响一国生物医药产业结构变迁的关键因素,产业结构进一步决定了最适宜的政府发展战略和产业政策。因此,中国进一步推动生物医药产业高质量发展,既要立足当前中高收入阶段的大国国情,平衡好仿制药和创新药的发展,也要提高政府健康支出比例,完善医疗保障和社会福利制度。

关键词: 新结构经济学, 生物医药, 发展阶段, 禀赋结构, 产业政策

Abstract: The bio-pharmaceutical industry is a critical component in expanding, optimizing, and strengthening the bio-economy and cultivating the new quality productive capacity. The bio-pharmaceutical industry can be segmented into generic drugs and innovative drugs, with significant structural differences across the bio-pharmaceutical industries of different entities. This paper conducts a case study by comparing the vertical and horizontal development of the bio-pharmaceutical industries in China, India, and Japan within the framework of New Structural Economics. The findings reveal that, vertically, with the transformation of the development stages and factor endowment structures, the bio-pharmaceutical industries in China, India, and Japan have undergone a structural shift from generic drugs to innovative drugs. The industrial policies have undergone a series of dynamic adjustments, from protecting the local market to opening up to the outside world, from technology introduction to independent innovation, and from basic medical security to comprehensive coverage. Horizontally, India, in the middle and low-income stage, relies on its factor cost advantage to concentrate on developing generic drugs, while China, in the middle and high-income stage, gradually transitions from generic drugs to innovative drugs. Japan, in the high-income stage, focuses on the development of innovative drugs. In summary, development stages and factor endowments have a significant impact on the structural evolution of the bio-pharmaceutical sector in a country, and the industrial structure can further decide the optimum government development strategies and industrial policies. Therefore, in promoting the high-quality development of the bio-pharmaceutical industry, China should not only consider its current status as an upper-middle-income country and balance the development of generic and innovative drugs, but also increase the proportion of government health expenditure and improve the medical insurance and social welfare systems.

Key words: new structural economics, bio-pharmaceutical industry, development stage, endowment structure, industrial policy

中图分类号:

F110

林毅夫, 王勇, 朱兰. 生物医药产业高质量发展战略与路径研究：基于新结构经济学理论[J]. 当代财经, 2025, 0(1): 3-16.

Lin Yi-fu, Wang Yong, Zhu Lan. A Study of the Strategies and Pathways for Advancing High-Quality Growth in the Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry: From the Perspective of New Structural Economics[J]. Contemporary Finance & Economics, 2025, 0(1): 3-16.

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生物医药产业高质量发展战略与路径研究：基于新结构经济学理论

A Study of the Strategies and Pathways for Advancing High-Quality Growth in the Bio-Pharmaceutical Industry: From the Perspective of New Structural Economics

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