污染物排放标准提升触发了“波特效应”吗——来自中国水污染企业的微观证据

当代财经 ›› 2023, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (1): 108-119.

污染物排放标准提升触发了“波特效应”吗——来自中国水污染企业的微观证据

郭雨蕙¹, 吴瀚然², 章政¹

1.北京大学经济学院,北京 100871;
2.中国五矿集团有限公司,北京 100044

收稿日期:2022-08-03 修回日期:2022-12-07 出版日期:2023-01-15 发布日期:2023-09-22
通讯作者: 吴瀚然,中国五矿集团有限公司员工,博士,主要从事产业金融和环境经济学研究,联系方式wuhanran2021@163.com。
作者简介:郭雨蕙,北京大学博士研究生,主要从事环境经济学与产业经济学研究;章政,北京大学教授,博士生导师,博士,主要从事宏观经济、环境经济和信用经济研究。
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金一般项目“‘双碳'目标下我国数字碳足迹削减潜力与抵消机制研究”（22BJY139）

Has Stricter Pollution Discharge Standard Triggered the Porter Effect? Micro-Evidences from Chinese Water Polluting Enterprises

GUO Yu-hui¹, WU Han-ran², ZHANG Zheng¹

1. Peking University, Beijing 100871;
2. China Minmetals Corporation, Beijing 100044, China

Received:2022-08-03 Revised:2022-12-07 Online:2023-01-15 Published:2023-09-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 污染物排放标准作为基础的环境规制工具,其“以新代旧、以严替宽”的动态提升过程是中国制造业绿色转型的主要驱动力。手工收集整理中国2005—2013年出台的60项行业型水污染物排放标准信息,利用同期中国水污染企业微观数据,采用多期双重差分法对标准提升能否提高企业绿色全要素生产率、触发“波特效应”进行实证研究。研究发现,标准提升后企业绿色全要素生产率平均提高2.28%,且该影响在达标压力高的企业、融资能力强的企业和执法力度强的区域中更为明显。机制分析表明,企业通过内含于设备升级改造的物化技术进步、改善资源利用效率和管理效率的方式实现绿色转型。进一步地,标准提升虽然未能增加企业绿色专利申请数量,但是显著提高了企业专利质量;同时,受冲击行业的技术改造需求间接诱致其上游装备制造业的绿色专利研发,“波特效应”向上游产业溢出。

关键词: 污染物排放标准提升, 水污染企业, 绿色全要素生产率, 波特效应

Abstract: The discharge standard of pollutants is the basic tools of environmental regulation, whose dynamic update process of“replacing old with new, replacing loose with strict”is the main driving force for the green transformation of China's manufacturing industry. This paper manually collects the information of 60 industrial water pollutant discharge standards issued in China from 2005 to 2013 and makes use of the micro-data of Chinese water polluting enterprises at the same period to conduct an empirical study on whether stricter standards can promote enterprise green total factor productivity and trigger the Porter effect by employing the multi-phase DID method. The findings show that the green total factor productivity of enterprises increased by an average of 2.28% after the improvement of the standards and that this impact is more significant in the enterprises with high pressure to meet the standards, in the enterprises with strong financing capacity and in the regions with strong law enforcement. The results of the mechanism analysis show that enterprises can achieve green transformation through the materialized technological advances contained in equipment upgrading and rebuilding and the improvement of resources utilization efficiency and management efficiency. Besides, although stricter standards failed to increase the number of green patent applications of enterprises, they significantly improved the patents quality of the enterprises. At the same time, the technological transformation needs of the affected industries would indirectly induce the green patent research and development in the upstream equipment manufacturing industry, which means that the Porter effect overflows into the upstream industries.

Key words: stricter pollution discharge standards, water polluting enterprises, green total factor productivity, Potter effect

中图分类号:

F062.9

郭雨蕙, 吴瀚然, 章政. 污染物排放标准提升触发了“波特效应”吗——来自中国水污染企业的微观证据[J]. 当代财经, 2023, 0(1): 108-119.

GUO Yu-hui, WU Han-ran, ZHANG Zheng. Has Stricter Pollution Discharge Standard Triggered the Porter Effect? Micro-Evidences from Chinese Water Polluting Enterprises[J]. Contemporary Finance & Economics, 2023, 0(1): 108-119.

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