当代财经 ›› 2024, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (7): 116-131.

• 产业与贸易 • 上一篇    下一篇

工业机器人应用与企业服务化转型

陈洪章a, 黎绍凯b, 汤晓军c   

  1. 江西财经大学 a.智库建设中心/经济与社会发展研究院; b.应用经济学院(数字经济学院); c.国际学院,江西 南昌 330013
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-23 修回日期:2024-03-11 出版日期:2024-07-15 发布日期:2024-08-27
  • 通讯作者: 黎绍凯,江西财经大学讲师,博士,主要从事数字经济与产业升级研究,联系方式skli6411@163.com。
  • 作者简介:陈洪章,江西财经大学副教授,博士,主要从事数字经济、产业经济理论与实践研究;汤晓军,江西财经大学副教授,博士,主要从事国际贸易理论与政策研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“数字赋能中国制造业全球价值链攀升:理论机制、演化路径和对策研究”(72273057); 江西省高校人文社会科学研究一般项目“后疫情时代进口竞争与中国制造业去产能效应:理论逻辑、微观机制与经验证据”(JJ21218); 江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目“数字赋能视域下‘隐形冠军’企业培育对企业价值跃迁的影响机制及对策研究”(GJJ2200547)

The Application of Industrial Robots and the Service-Oriented Transformation of Enterprises

CHEN Hong-zhang, LI Shao-kai, TANG Xiao-jun   

  1. Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330013, China
  • Received:2023-10-23 Revised:2024-03-11 Online:2024-07-15 Published:2024-08-27

摘要: 服务化转型是中国制造企业实现高质量发展的必由之路。采用投入产出表和产品词频检索识别企业投入服务化和产出服务化水平,基于2000—2013年中国工业企业数据和进出口数据,考察工业机器人应用对企业服务化转型的影响。研究发现,工业机器人应用显著提升了企业投入服务化和产出服务化水平,在经过内生性问题处理和稳健性检验后,结论依然成立。机制检验结果表明,工业机器人应用主要通过成本降低效应提升企业投入服务化水平,对产出服务化的作用效果不明显;工业机器人应用通过人力资本结构优化效应和价值链攀升效应能够同时提升企业投入服务化和产出服务化水平。异质性检验结果显示,工业机器人应用对企业服务化转型的促进效应在出口型企业和多次购买机器人的企业中更加明显。进一步研究发现,工业机器人应用所引致的服务化转型显著提升了企业绩效。未来政府需要推进工业机器人的普及与应用,以实现制造业和服务业的深度融合,赋能中国制造业企业价值链攀升。

关键词: 机器人应用, 人工智能, 投入服务化, 产出服务化

Abstract: Service-oriented transformation is the only way for Chinese manufacturing enterprises to achieve high-quality development. This paper uses input-output tables and product word frequency retrieval to measure the level of enterprise input servicing and output servicing. Based on the data of Chinese industrial enterprises and Chinese import and export customs from 2000 to 2013, it examines the impact of industrial robot application on enterprise service-oriented transformation. The findings show that the application of industrial robots has significantly improved the level of enterprise input servicing and output servicing. After dealing with endogeneity issues and conducting robustness tests, the conclusion still holds. The mechanism testing reveals that the application of robots improves the input servicing level of enterprises mainly through cost reduction effects, and this effect on output servicing is not significant. The application of robots can promote both the level of input servicing and output servicing of enterprises through the human capital structure optimization effect and the value chain climbing effect. The heterogeneity testing results reveal that the promotion effect of industrial robot applications on enterprise service-oriented transformation is more evident in export-oriented enterprises and enterprises that purchase robots multiple times. Further study reveals that the service-oriented transformation caused by the application of industrial robots has significantly improved enterprise performance. In the future, the government needs to promote the popularization and application of industrial robots, so as to realize the deep integration between the manufacturing industry and the service industries, and empower Chinese manufacturing enterprises to climb high on the value chain.

Key words: application of robots, artificial intelligence, input servicing, output servicing

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