银行数字化转型存在马太效应吗——基于经营绩效的视角

当代财经 ›› 2024, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (6): 57-70.

银行数字化转型存在马太效应吗——基于经营绩效的视角

熊健^1,2, 李超伟³

1.南京大学应用经济学博士后流动站,江苏南京 210093;
2.南京银行博士后科研工作站,江苏南京 210019;
3.常州大学吴敬琏经济学院,江苏常州 213159

收稿日期:2023-11-30 修回日期:2024-04-22 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-06-07
通讯作者: 李超伟,常州大学讲师,博士,主要从事数字金融研究,联系方式contactmail_999@163.com。
作者简介:熊健,南京大学和南京银行联合培养博士后,博士,主要从事金融科技与银行数字化转型研究。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目“金融科技背景下农村金融机构数字化发展机制与普惠效应研究”（72073067）; 国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国农村数字金融的发展机制和效应：基于实验经济的研究”（71973064）; 国家社会科学基金青年项目“新发展格局下数字技术驱动制造业服务化转型的机理及路径研究”（21CJY041）

Does the Matthew Effect Exist in Bank Digital Transformation: From the Perspective of Business Performance

XIONG Jian^1,2, LI Chao-wei³

1. Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093;
2. Nanjing Bank, Nanjing 210019;
3. Changzhou University, Changzhou 213159, China

Received:2023-11-30 Revised:2024-04-22 Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 数字化转型是银行业高质量发展的必然选择,但也可能引发一系列不平等的现象。运用2010—2021年中国208家商业银行数据,从经营绩效的视角考察银行数字化转型的马太效应及其内在机理。结果表明,银行数字化转型与经营绩效之间先表现为数字化悖论,后表现为财务增进,整体呈U型关系。大、小银行数字化转型存在明显的马太效应,随着银行规模增大,数字化转型与经营绩效关系的U型曲线拐点左移,即相较于小银行,大银行实现财务增进所需的数字化转型程度更低。机制分析表明,银行数字化转型与经营成本和经营收入分别呈倒U型和U型关系,且曲线拐点随着银行规模增大向左移动,导致银行数字化转型对经营绩效具有非线性影响,且在大、小银行之间存在马太效应。进一步讨论发现,银行数字化转型的马太效应还体现在经营风险层面,相较于小银行,数字化转型更有利于大银行降低经营风险。因此,在加快推进银行数字化转型的同时,应着重缓解马太效应,充分释放数字化发展红利,提高金融服务实体经济质效。

关键词: 金融科技, 数字化转型, 经营绩效, 马太效应, 银行规模

Abstract: Digital transformation is an inevitable choice for banks’ high-quality growth, but it can also trigger a series of inequalities. By making use of the data of 208 commercial banks in China from 2010 to 2021, this paper examines the Matthew effect and its intrinsic mechanism in the bank digital transformation from the perspective of business performance. The results show that the relationship between bank digital transformation and business performance manifests itself first as the digital paradox and then as the financial enhancement, with an overall U-curve relationship. There is a clear Matthew effect in the digital transformation of large and small banks. As banks increase in size, the turning point of the U-shaped curve of the relationship between digital transformation and business performance shifts to the left, indicating that large-scale banks require lower degree digital transformation to achieve financial enhancement compared to small-scale banks. The mechanism analysis shows that bank digital transformation has an inverted U-shaped and U-shaped relationship with operating costs and operating revenues respectively, and the turning point of the curves shift to the left as the size of the bank increases, leading to a nonlinear impact of bank digital transformation on business performance and the Matthew effect in the digital transformation of large and small banks. Further discussion reveals that the Matthew effect of bank digital transformation is also reflected at the level of operational risks. Compared to small-scale banks, digital transformation is more beneficial for large-scale banks to reduce operational risks. Therefore, it is recommended that while accelerating the digital transformation of banks, we should focus on mitigating the Matthew effect, fully release the dividends of digital development, and improve the quality and efficiency of financial services to the real economy.

Key words: financial technology, digital transformation, business performance, Matthew effect, bank size

中图分类号:

F832

熊健, 李超伟. 银行数字化转型存在马太效应吗——基于经营绩效的视角[J]. 当代财经, 2024, 0(6): 57-70.

XIONG Jian, LI Chao-wei. Does the Matthew Effect Exist in Bank Digital Transformation: From the Perspective of Business Performance[J]. Contemporary Finance & Economics, 2024, 0(6): 57-70.

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