服务业对外开放与制造业企业出口产品质量

当代财经 ›› 2024, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (6): 124-138.

服务业对外开放与制造业企业出口产品质量

李超¹, 蔡露露²

1.云南大学经济学院,云南昆明 650500;
2.中国人民大学经济学院,北京 100872

收稿日期:2023-08-13 修回日期:2024-01-10 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-06-07
通讯作者: 蔡露露,中国人民大学博士研究生,主要从事全球价值链与国际生产网络研究,联系方式cailulu@ruc.edu.cn。
作者简介:李超,云南大学讲师,经济学博士,主要从事服务经济与国际贸易研究。
基金资助:
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“欧洲经济一体化的新动向与中欧经贸合作研究”(17JJDGJW012)

Opening up of the Services Industry and the Quality of Export Products of Manufacturing Enterprises

LI Chao¹, CAI Lu-lu²

1. Yunnan University, Kunming 650500;
2. Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China

Received:2023-08-13 Revised:2024-01-10 Online:2024-06-15 Published:2024-06-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国制造业企业如何从依托出口产品数量向质量转变,服务业对外开放从非实物要素投入的角度提供了新的视角。将产品质量引入消费者偏好和制造业企业的生产出口决策,通过构建一个包含消费者和服务、制造两类生产企业的局部均衡模型来阐释服务业对外开放水平提高对制造业企业出口产品质量的影响。基于政策文本构建服务业开放影响指数,就服务业对外开放与制造业企业出口产品质量的实证研究发现,服务业对外开放主要通过削减制造业企业生产成本和提高企业生产率来改善产品质量,改善作用与开放的服务业类型有关,与制造业企业本身的地域特征、所有制属性以及企业所在行业的服务要素依赖程度无关。理论和经验证据表明,中国应该进一步消除服务行业的外商投资障碍以扩大服务业对外开放水平,在对外开放过程中需要有侧重地引导外资和先进的生产技术流向生产性服务行业,但无须过分注重制造业企业的地理布局、生产技术与所有制差异。

关键词: 服务业对外开放, 出口产品质量, 制造业企业成本, 制造业企业生产率

Abstract: The opening up of the service industry to the outside world has provided a new perspective from the non physical factor input for the issue of how Chinese manufacturing enterprises can transform from relying on the quantity of exported products to the quality. By introducing product quality into the consumer preferences and the production and export decisions of the manufacturing enterprises, this study constructs a local equilibrium model that includes consumers and both of the service and manufacturing enterprises to explain the impact of improving the level of service industry openness on the quality of exported products of manufacturing enterprises. Based on the policy texts, this paper constructs an impact index of service industry openness and conducts an empirical study of the relationship between the service industry openness and the quality of export products of the manufacturing enterprises. The findings show that service industry openness mainly improves product quality by reducing production costs and increasing productivity of the manufacturing enterprises. The improvement effect is related to the types of the service industry opening to the outside world, and is not related to the geographical characteristics, ownership attributes, and the degree of service factor dependence of the manufacturing industry. The theoretical and empirical evidences suggest that China should further eliminate foreign investment barriers in the service industry to expand its level of opening up to the outside world. In the process of opening up to the outside world, it is necessary to focus on guiding foreign investment and advanced production technologies to flow into productive service industries, but there is no need to overly focus on the geographical layout, production technology, and ownership differences of the manufacturing enterprises.

Key words: opening up of the services industry, the quality of export products, cost of manufacturing enterprise, productivity of manufacturing enterprise

中图分类号:

F741.1

李超, 蔡露露. 服务业对外开放与制造业企业出口产品质量[J]. 当代财经, 2024, 0(6): 124-138.

LI Chao, CAI Lu-lu. Opening up of the Services Industry and the Quality of Export Products of Manufacturing Enterprises[J]. Contemporary Finance & Economics, 2024, 0(6): 124-138.

参考文献

[1] 符大海, 鲁成浩. 服务业开放促进贸易方式转型——企业层面的理论和中国经验[J]. 中国工业经济, 2021, (7): 156-174.
[2] 侯欣裕, 孙浦阳, 杨光. 服务业外资管制、定价策略与下游生产率[J]. 世界经济, 2018, (9): 146-170.
[3] 李坤望, 蒋为, 宋立刚. 中国出口产品品质变动之谜:基于市场进入的微观解释[J]. 中国社会科学, 2014, (3): 80-103.
[4] 刘斌, 王乃嘉. 制造业投入服务化与企业出口的二元边际——基于中国微观企业数据的经验研究[J]. 中国工业经济, 2016, (9): 59-74.
[5] 刘海洋, 林令涛, 高璐. 进口中间品与出口产品质量升级:来自微观企业的证据[J]. 国际贸易问题, 2017, (2): 39-49.
[6] 刘军, 赵姝, 靳婷婷. 产品质量与企业出口决定:中国表现及演变动态[J]. 国际贸易问题, 2018, (7): 68-81.
[7] 鲁晓东, 连玉君. 中国工业企业全要素生产率估计:1999—2007[J]. 经济学(季刊),2012, (2): 541-558.
[8] 彭书舟, 李小平, 刘培. 服务业外资管制放松与制造业企业出口产品质量升级[J]. 国际贸易问题, 2020, (11): 109-124.
[9] 邱斌, 闫志俊. 异质性出口固定成本、生产率与企业出口决策[J]. 经济研究, 2015, (9): 142-155.
[10] 邵朝对, 苏丹妮, 李坤望. 服务业开放与企业出口国内附加值率:理论和中国证据[J]. 世界经济, 2020, (8): 123-147.
[11] 施炳展, 邵文波. 中国企业出口产品质量测算及其决定因素——培育出口竞争新优势的微观视角[J]. 管理世界, 2014, (9): 90-106.
[12] 孙浦阳, 侯欣裕, 盛斌. 服务业开放、管理效率与企业出口[J]. 经济研究, 2018, (7):136-151.
[13] 武力超, 张馨月, 侯欣裕. 生产性服务业自由化对微观企业出口的机制研究与实证考察[J]. 财贸经济, 2016, (4): 101-115.
[14] 许和连, 成丽红, 孙天阳. 制造业投入服务化对企业出口国内增加值的提升效应——基于中国制造业微观企业的经验研究[J]. 中国工业经济,2017,(10):62-80.
[15] 祝树金, 谢煜, 段凡. 制造业服务化、技术创新与企业出口产品质量[J]. 经济评论, 2019, (6): 3-16.
[16] 祝树金, 赵玉龙. 资源错配与企业的出口行为——基于中国工业企业数据的经验研究[J]. 金融研究, 2017, (11): 49-64.
[17] Arnold J M, Javorcik B S, Mattoo A.Does services liberalization benefit manufacturing firms?: Evidence from the Czech Republic[J]. Journal of International Economics, 2011, 85(1): 136-146.
[18] Arnold J M, Javorcik B, Lipscomb M, et al.Services reform and manufacturing performance: Evidence from India[J]. The Economic Journal, 2016, 126(590): 1-39.
[19] Bas M, Strauss-Kahn V.Input-trade liberalization, export prices and quality upgrading[J]. Journal of International Economics, 2015, 95(2): 250-262.
[20] Broda C, Weinstein D E.Globalization and the gains from variety[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2006, 121(2): 541-585.
[21] Ciani A, Bartoli F.Export quality differentiation under credit constraints[J]. The World Economy, 2020, 43(5): 1398-1433.
[22] Cui Y Q, Liu B.Manufacturing servitisation and duration of exports in China[J]. The World Economy, 2018, 41(6): 1695-1721.
[23] Galesi A, Rachedi O.Services deepening and the transmission of monetary policy[J]. Journal of the European Economic Association, 2019, 17(4): 1261-1293.
[24] Hallak J C, Sivadasan J.Product and process productivity: Implications for quality choice and conditional exporter premia[J]. Journal of International Economics, 2013, 91(1): 53-67.
[25] Helpman E, Melitz M, Rubinstein Y.Estimating trade flows: Trading partners and trading volumes[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2008, 123(2): 441-487.
[26] Hong L Y, Liu X J, Zhan H W, et al.Use of industrial robots and Chinese enterprises’ export quality upgrading: Evidence from China[J]. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 2022, 31(6): 860-875.
[27] Hou X Y, Shi Y Y, Sun P Y.Foreign entry liberalization and export quality: Evidence from China[J]. Contemporary Economic Policy, 2021, 39(1): 205-219.
[28] Jørgensen J G, Schröder P J H. Fixed export cost heterogeneity, trade and welfare[J]. European Economic Review, 2008, 52(7): 1256-1274.
[29] Kelle M.Crossing industry borders: German manufacturers as services exporters[J]. The World Economy, 2013, 36(12): 1494-1515.
[30] Khandelwal A K, Schott P K, Wei S J.Trade liberalization and embedded institutional reform: Evidence from Chinese exporters[J]. The American Economic Review, 2013, 103(6): 2169-2195.
[31] Levinsohn J, Petrin A.Estimating production functions using inputs to control for unobservables[J]. The Review of Economic Studies, 2003, 70(2): 317-341.
[32] Manova K, Yu Z H.Multi-product firms and product quality[J]. Journal of International Economics, 2017, 109(11): 116-137.
[33] Manova K, Zhang Z W.Export prices across firms and destinations[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2012, 127(1): 379-436.
[34] Melitz M J.The impact of trade on intra industry reallocations and aggregate industry productivity[J]. Econometrica, 2003, 71(6): 1695-1725.
[35] Pattnayak S S, Chadha A.Servicification and manufacturing exports: Evidence from India[J/OL]. Economic Modelling, 2022, 108: 105756.
[36] Reddy K, Sasidharan S.Servicification and global value chain survival: Firm level evidence from India[J]. Australian Economic Papers, 2022, 61(3): 455-473.
[37] Xu J Y, Mao Q L.On the relationship between intermediate input imports and export quality in China[J]. Economics of Transition, 2018, 26(3): 429-467.