“Green Mountains and Clear Waters are as Valuable as Mountains of Gold and Silver”: Evidences from the Pilot Program of the“Mountain and Water Projects”

Abstract

Abstract: The scientific assertion that “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” profoundly encapsulates the core essence of Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization thought, providing crucial theoretical guidance and practical principles for the coordinated development of ecological civilization and economic and social progress in the new era. Based on the panel data of 278 prefecture level cities from 2011 to 2021, this paper constructs a theoretical framework from the perspective of ecological industrialization and industrial ecology, and empirically analyzes the impact and the mechanism of the“landscape project”on green economic development. The findings show that, firstly, as an incentive policy for ecological restoration, the“landscape engineering”significantly promotes per capita GDP growth and green total factor productivity improvement in pilot areas, and has a dynamic effect that accumulates year by year. Secondly, the“landscape engineering”has successfully implemented the green development concept of“transforming green mountains and rivers into mountains of gold and silver”through the coordinated promotion of ecological industrialization and industrial ecologicalization, and constructed a virtuous interaction mechanism between ecological protection and economic improvement. Thirdly, compared to central cities, resource-based cities, and cities with low fiscal self-sufficiency rates, the impact of“landscape engineering”on surrounding cities, non resource-based cities, and cities with high fiscal self-sufficiency rates is more pronounced. To this end, differentiated policy support should be established, precise implementation of “landscape engineering”should be strengthened, the green transformation of industries should be comprehensively promoted, and the ecological and economic value realization channels of“landscape engineering”should be expanded through technological empowerment.

Key words: mountain and water project, economic development, ecological industrialization, industrial ecologicalization

CLC Number:

F062

Wang Da-zhe, Liu Xiao-feng, Zhang Li-min. “Green Mountains and Clear Waters are as Valuable as Mountains of Gold and Silver”: Evidences from the Pilot Program of the“Mountain and Water Projects”[J]. Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, 2025, 0(6): 13-24.

References

[1] 陈浩, 段思洁. 中心城市人才集聚的技术多样化效应研究[J]. 财贸研究, 2024, (8): 29-41+94.
[2] 陈明华, 王山, 刘文斐. 黄河流域生态效率及其提升路径——基于100个城市的实证研究[J]. 中国人口科学, 2020, (4): 46-58.
[3] 陈诗一. 能源消耗、二氧化碳排放与中国工业的可持续发展[J]. 经济研究, 2009, (4): 41-55.
[4] 谷树忠. 产业生态化和生态产业化的理论思考[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2020, (10): 8-14.
[5] 韩君, 葛春瑞. 国家低碳工业园区试点政策对企业绿色创新的影响研究[J]. 江西财经大学学报, 2025, (3): 23-36.
[6] 胡咏君, 吴剑, 胡瑞山. 生态文明建设“两山”理论的内在逻辑与发展路径[J]. 中国工程科学, 2019, (5): 151-158.
[7] 黄小勇, 陈飞羽, 查育新. 绿色金融与生态产品价值实现——基于全国百强县数据的实证研究[J]. 江西财经大学学报, 2023, (6): 27-39.
[8] 蔺鹏, 孟娜娜. 绿色全要素生产率增长的时空分异与动态收敛[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究, 2021, (8): 104-124.
[9] 缪小林, 赵一心. 生态功能区转移支付对生态环境改善的影响: 资金补偿还是制度激励?[J]. 财政研究, 2019, (5): 17-32.
[10] 祁毓, 杨春飞, 陈诗一. 绿色转型发展中的财政激励与协同治理——来自“山水工程”试点的证据[J]. 经济研究, 2024, (10): 132-150.
[11] 汪婧宇, 卢泓钢, 徐彩瑶, 等.“山水工程”实施对林业绿色全要素生产率水平的影响——以浙江省钱塘江源头工程区为例[J]. 林业科学, 2025, (8): 191-203.
[12] 王瑶, 张生玲. 环境分权视角下“环保垂改”政策对城市经济绿色转型的影响[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2024, (8): 47-58.
[13] 魏丽莉, 侯宇琦. 数字经济对中国城市绿色发展的影响作用研究[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究, 2022, (8): 60-79.
[14] 杨俊, 王丹婷, 孔凡斌, 等.“山水林田湖草沙”生态保护修复对农户经济福利的影响——以浙江省钱江源头为例[J]. 生态学报, 2024, (21): 9935-9945.
[15] 余泳泽. 异质性视角下中国省际全要素生产率再估算: 1978—2012[J]. 经济学 (季刊), 2017, (3): 1051-1072.
[16] 袁增伟, 毕军, 张炳, 等. 传统产业生态化模式研究及应用[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2004, (2): 109-112.
[17] 岳利萍, 杨欣怡. 双重环境目标约束下的产业转型升级:“减污降碳”何以“协同增效”[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2024, (1): 46-58.
[18] 张涛, 李均超. 网络基础设施、包容性绿色增长与地区差距——基于双重机器学习的因果推断[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究, 2023, (4): 113-135.
[19] 张天柱. 从清洁生产到循环经济[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2006, (6): 169-174.
[20] 赵涛, 张智, 梁上坤. 数字经济、创业活跃度与高质量发展——来自中国城市的经验证据[J]. 管理世界, 2020, (10): 65-76.
[21] Borusyak K, Jaravel X, Spiess J.Revisiting event-study designs: Robust and efficient estimation[J]. Review of Economic Studies, 2024, 91(6): 3253-3285.
[22] Callaway B, Sant’Anna P H C. Difference-in-differences with multiple time periods[J]. Journal of Econometrics, 2021, 225(2): 200-230.
[23] Cengiz D, Dube A, Lindner A, et al.The effect of minimum wages on low-wage jobs[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2019, 134(3): 1405-1454.
[24] Jacobson L S, LaLonde R J, Sullivan D G. Earnings losses of displaced workers[J]. The American Economic Review, 1993, 83(4): 685-709.
[25] Millime D L, Santanu R,Sengupta A.Environmental regulations and economic activity: Influence on Market Structure[J].Annual Review of Resource Economics, 2009, 1(1): 99—118.
[26] Shi Y, Zhang B, Liang L, et al.Unfolding the effectiveness of ecological restoration programs in Enhancing Vegetation carbon sinks across different climate zones in China[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2025, 212: 107974.
[27] Wang H, Chen Z, Wu X, et al.Can a carbon trading system promote the transformation of a low-carbon economy under the framework of the porter hypothesis?-Empirical analysis based on the PSM-DID method[J]. Energy Policy, 2019, 129:930-938.
[28] Zhang B, Tian X.Economic transition under carbon emission constraints in China: An evaluation at the city level[J]. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 2019, 55(6): 1280-1293.