Abstract: Agricultural modernization is an important part of realizing Chinese modernization. Based on theoretical analysis and case analysis, under the framework of modern agricultural industrial system, production system and management system, this study explores the path of constructing the three systems of modern agriculture by using multi-case study method from the perspective of agricultural production factor input. The findings show that the construction of modern agricultural production system needs to modernize traditional production factors, increase the input of modern factors, and rely on modern science and technology to promote the specialization, standardization, greening, intelligence and sustainable development of agricultural production. The modern agricultural management system promotes the cooperation and alliance between small farmers and new business entities through the flow of factors; supported by socialized services, it can drive small farmers to gradually move towards modern agriculture. The construction of a modern agricultural industry system is dominated by modern factor inputs. In addition to investment in funds, talents, and management, it is also necessary to fully utilize information technology to extend the industrial chain. Therefore, the system innovation and reform need to be deepened to promote the efficient flow and optimal allocation of agricultural production factors; accelerate the integration and decentralization of modern elements to empower the transformation, upgrading, and green development of traditional agriculture; and build a diversified agricultural service system to enhance the ability of small farmers to integrate with modern agriculture.

Key words: agricultural modernization, agricultural production factors, three systems, multi-case study