Abstract: The exploration of the financial policy by the Communist Party of China has experienced four periods, i.e., the creation of the new democratic finance in the context of the new democratic revolution war, the implementation of the planned economy under the conditions of the planned economy during the socialist revolution and construction, the construction of the public finance under the conditions of market economy during the period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization, and the establishment of the modern financial system in the context of the national governance during the socialist new era with Chinese characteristics. The role of fiscal policy has undergone an evolution from being an important way to raise funds for the Revolutionary War at the beginning, to an important means of regulating the economy and public services later, and to becoming an important tool of national governance today.

Key words: Communist Party of China, fiscal policy, fiscal system