Abstract: The Thirteenth Five-Year Plan proposes to explore and establish the long-term care insurance system. At present, the political and academic discussions focus on how to establish a social long-term care insurance system. The mainstream view believes that with the aggravating of the aging of China’s population and the miniaturization of families, the number of disabled groups is increasing and the family-based care capacity is weakening. At the same time, drawing on the experiences of some foreign countries, it is urgent for China to establish a long-term social care insurance system. This paper attempts to reflect on the above logic of system construction and points out that the methodology of dialectical Materialism and historical Materialism should be instated on, that the actual population size and demands should be the orientation, and that attention should be paid to the ought-to-be logic suitable to the system and the level of economic development. It is suggested that at present China should construct a long-term care security system based mainly on make-up subsidies, that the main responsibilities of governments, families and markets should be rationally allocated, and that some supporting measures should be actively improved, such as the delivery system of caring services, the rating standards for the disability and the service purchase mechanism, etc..

Key words: long-term care security; long-term care insurance; care allowance