金融强国背景下个人养老金财税支持政策优化研究

江西财经大学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (2): 47-56.

金融强国背景下个人养老金财税支持政策优化研究

许鼎¹, 杨再贵²

1.郑州航空工业管理学院经济学院,河南郑州 450046;
2.中央财经大学中国精算研究院,北京 100081

收稿日期:2024-07-18 修回日期:2025-02-28 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-03-26
通讯作者: 许鼎,郑州航空工业管理学院讲师,经济学博士,主要从事保险精算和社会保障研究,联系方式xuding1989810@163.com。
作者简介:杨再贵,中央财经大学教授,博士生导师,主要从事保险精算和社会保障研究。
基金资助:
教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目“全国统筹和延迟退休视域下城镇职工基本养老保险财务状况随机预测研究”（23YJA630119）; 河南省哲学社会科学规划年度项目“延迟退休年龄对河南省养老保险基金收支平衡的影响与风险预警机制研究”（2021BJJ107）; 河南省科技攻关项目“延迟退休背景下职工基本养老保险个人账户记账利率调整系数厘定及风险预警技术研究”（222102320470）; 中国保险学会2024年度研究课题“养老保险三支柱体系发展与企业职工基本养老保险全国统筹研究”（ISCKT2024-N-1-27）

Research on Optimization of Fiscal and Tax Support Policies for Personal Pension under the Background of Financial Power

Xu Ding¹, Yang Zai-gui²

1. Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046;
2. Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2024-07-18 Revised:2025-02-28 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-03-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在构建节税收益精算模型的基础上,基于负所得税理念提出一种搭配财政补贴政策的个人养老金综合性财税支持方案,并在公平性条件下测算财政对不同收入群体的缴费补贴比例和财税支持总额。研究表明：在缴费额度相同时,节税收益随个税级数提高而增加;在个税级数相同时,节税收益随缴费额度提高而增加。公平性条件下财政对个人缴费的补贴比例为15%~45%,缴费补贴占财税支持总额的比例为22%~65%,因此,应将个人养老金税收递延优惠政策与差异化财政缴费补贴政策搭配使用;完善适配个人养老金等长期投资的资本市场基础制度;根据经济发展水平适度提高缴费额度上限;加强个人养老金宣传推广和金融服务,稳妥有序推进渐进式延迟法定退休年龄改革,优化待遇应急提取机制。

关键词: 个人养老金, 节税收益, 财政补贴, 精算模型

Abstract: On the basis of constructing an actuarial model for tax saving benefits, a comprehensive financial and tax support scheme for personal pension is proposed based on the concept of negative income tax, which is combined with fiscal subsidy policies. Under fairness conditions, this paper calculates the payment subsidy ratio and total financial and tax support for different income groups. The findings show that when the payment amount is the same, tax savings increase with the increase of individual income tax levels; at the same level of personal income tax, tax savings increase with the increase of payment amount. Under the condition of fairness, the proportion of financial subsidies for individual contributions ranges from 15% to 45%, and the proportion of contribution subsidies to the total financial and tax support ranges from 22% to 65%. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the personal pension tax deferred preferential policy with the differentiated financial contribution subsidy policies, improve the capital market infrastructure system that is suitable for long-term investments such as personal pensions, moderately increase the upper limit of payment amount according to the level of economic development, strengthen the publicity and promotion of personal pension funds and financial services, steadily and orderly promote the gradual reform of delaying the statutory retirement age, and optimize the mechanism for emergency withdrawal of benefits.

Key words: personal pension, tax saving income, fiscal subsidy, actuarial model

中图分类号:

F840

许鼎, 杨再贵. 金融强国背景下个人养老金财税支持政策优化研究[J]. 江西财经大学学报, 2025, 0(2): 47-56.

Xu Ding, Yang Zai-gui. Research on Optimization of Fiscal and Tax Support Policies for Personal Pension under the Background of Financial Power[J]. Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, 2025, 0(2): 47-56.

参考文献

[1] 范堃, 杨雯霓, 钱林义, 等. 税延商业养老保险的分等级税率研究[J]. 华东师范大学学报 (哲学社会科学版), 2019, (4): 133-142+188.
[2] 范蠡, 徐卫东. 美德日个人养老金制度及其对中国的启示[J]. 人口学刊, 2024, (5): 116-128.
[3] 高庆波. 个人养老金规模预测与偏差——基于制度变迁的视角[J]. 华中科技大学学报 (社会科学版), 2023, (4): 48-60.
[4] 何平, 韩子亦. 个人养老金制度优化的四个维度[J]. 中国保险, 2024, (6): 20-23.
[5] 刘同洲. 促进个人养老金发展的税收政策研究——基于美国个人养老金 (IRA) 的经验与启示[J]. 税务研究, 2022, (9): 127-132.
[6] 李心愉, 段志明. 税收递延、养老保障与社会福利[J]. 保险研究, 2017, (7):87-100.
[7] 罗浩, 周延. 第三支柱个人养老金对养老金替代率的影响研究[J]. 中央财经大学学报, 2022, (11): 77-88.
[8] 李鹏, 张子欣. 我国个税递延型商业养老保险政策模拟研究[J]. 保险研究, 2023, (2):90-101.
[9] 蓝浩歌, 赵桂芹. 养老保险体系何以可持续?——基于基本养老保险与个人养老金协调发展的视角[J]. 经济科学, 2024, (4):183-208.
[10] 庹国柱, 段家喜. 我国发展税优个人养老金的关键问题、总体框架及政策建议[J]. 陕西师范大学学报 (哲学社会科学版), 2018, (5): 5-14.
[11] 袁中美, 郭金龙. 个税递延型商业养老保险的政策效应与优化策略——个人养老金计划的国际比较和上海案例的模拟测算[J]. 西部论坛, 2018, (6): 100-110.
[12] 闫化海. 2023年度养老金融产品数据统计[J]. 保险理论与实践, 2024, (1): 140-145.
[13] 郑秉文. 第三支柱商业养老保险顶层设计: 税收的作用及其深远意义[J]. 中国人民大学学报, 2016, (1): 2-11.
[14] 郑秉文. 养老金三支柱理论嬗变与第三支柱模式选择[J].华中科技大学学报(社会科学版),2022,(2):20-37.
[15] Banterle C B.Incentives to contributing to supplementary pension funds: Going beyond tax incentives[J]. Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice, 2002, 27(4): 555-570.
[16] Crain T L, Austin J R.An analysis of the trade-off between tax deferred earnings in iras and preferential capital gains[J]. Financial Services Review, 2004, 6(4): 227-242.
[17] Poterba J M, Venti S F, Wise D A.How retirement saving programs increase saving[J]. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1996, 10(4): 91-112.
[18] Yoo K Y, Serres A D.Tax treatment of private pension savings in OECD countries and the net tax cost per unit of contribution to tax-favoured schemes[R]. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, 2004: 74-110.