江西财经大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (6): 75-87.

• “三农”研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

公共就业服务与农民收入:“学有所成”还是“无效补贴”——基于中国劳动力动态调查数据的验证

温有栋, 黄婷   

  1. 江西财经大学 统计与数据科学学院, 江西 南昌 330013
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-21 修回日期:2024-10-15 出版日期:2024-11-25 发布日期:2024-11-29
  • 通讯作者: 黄婷,江西财经大学博士研究生,主要从事就业公共服务水平测度、经济统计研究,联系方式2202110112@stu.jxufe.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:温有栋,江西财经大学讲师,经济学博士,主要从事就业统计、智能算法研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金青年项目“大数据背景下劳动力就业统计测度问题研究”(22CTJ005);江西省“十三五”社会科学基金一般项目“数字经济与税收逃避:识别、评价及对策研究”(20YJ18);江西省研究生创新专项资金项目“数字经济赋能乡村产业振兴的统计测度与评价研究”(YC2022-B149)

Public Employment Services and Farmers’ Income:“Achieving Success Through Learning”or“Ineffective Subsidies”: Verification Based on the Data from China’s Labor Force Dynamic Survey

WEN You-dong, HUANG Ting   

  1. Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang 330013, China
  • Received:2024-05-21 Revised:2024-10-15 Online:2024-11-25 Published:2024-11-29

摘要: 基于2018年中国劳动力动态调查数据的5609份农村劳动力样本数据,探讨以职业技能培训为代表的公共就业服务对农民收入的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:从个体层面看,参加专业技术培训显著提高了农民收入;从国家层面看,职业技能培训补贴保障了公共就业服务供给,显著提高了农民收入。该结论经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立,说明公共就业服务不仅达到了个体层面的“学有所成”,也达到了国家层面的“有效补贴”。机制分析表明,公共就业服务通过提高农村劳动力人力资本、数字资本和社会资本,从而促进其收入增长。异质性分析发现,农村青年劳动力接受专业技术培训的增收效应最为显著;相较于自雇农村劳动力,务农和雇工更需要公共就业服务;山区因地形劣势和产业基础薄弱,需要国家在公共就业服务政策上给予倾斜。因此,建议加强产业融合与就业服务的有效衔接,拓宽本地就业渠道;提升数字基础设施与信息化建设水平,缩小就业信息鸿沟;建立健全农村职业技能培训质量体系,提高培训产出效能。

关键词: 公共就业服务, 劳动力收入, 职业技能培训, 劳动力动态调查

Abstract: Based on 5609 rural labor sample data from the 2018 China Labor Force Dynamic Survey, this study investigates the impact of public employment services, represented by vocational skills training, on the income of rural labor force and its mechanism. Research has found that at the individual level, participating in vocational skills training can significantly increase the income of farmers, and that at the national level, the vocational skills training subsidies can ensure the supply of public employment services, which has significantly increased the income of farmers. This conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests, indicating that public employment services has not only achieved“success through learning”at the individual level, but also achieved“effective subsidies”at the national level. The mechanism analysis shows that the income growth of rural labor force can be promoted by public employment services through enhancing their human capital, digital capital, and social capital. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that the income increasing effect of rural young labor force receiving vocational skills training is the most significant. Compared to the self-employed rural labor, the farming and employee groups need to receive public employment services more. Due to the disadvantaged terrain and relatively weak industrial foundation, mountainous areas require preferential policies for public employment services at the national level. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen the effective connection between industrial integration and employment services and expand local employment channels, enhance the level of digital infrastructure and information technology construction and narrow the employment information gap, and establish and improve the quality system of rural vocational skills training and enhance the efficiency of training output.

Key words: public employment services, labor force income, vocational skill training, labor force dynamic survey

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