资本偏向型税收激励如何影响劳动技能溢价——基于固定资产加速折旧政策的检验

当代财经 ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (10): 56-69.

资本偏向型税收激励如何影响劳动技能溢价——基于固定资产加速折旧政策的检验

刘志中, 牟国婷

辽宁大学金融与贸易学院,辽宁沈阳 110036

收稿日期:2025-10-01 修回日期:2026-08-31 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-10-30
通讯作者: 牟国婷（1998—）,女,山东潍坊人,辽宁大学博士研究生,主要从事财税理论与政策研究,联系方式mgt2963243625@126.com。
作者简介:刘志中（1981—）,男,辽宁沈阳人,经济学博士,辽宁大学教授,博士生导师,主要从事财税理论与政策研究。
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金一般项目“高水平对外开放促进新质生产力发展的理论机制与政策选择研究”（24BJL067）; 辽宁省教育科研中青年骨干专项重点课题“高等教育赋能新质生产力的机制与路径研究”（JG25QGA07）; 辽宁省教育厅高校基本科研项目“区域国别经济研究”（LJ122510140002）

How Do Capital-Biased Tax Incentives Affect Labor Skill Premium: An Empirical Test Based on the Accelerated Depreciation Policy for Fixed Assets

Liu Zhizhong, Mu Guoting

Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China

Received:2025-10-01 Revised:2026-08-31 Online:2026-10-15 Published:2026-10-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 劳动技能溢价是影响收入分配的重要因素。探讨资本偏向型税收激励政策对劳动技能溢价的影响,对于制定既能推动企业发展又能改善收入分配的税收政策具有重要意义。以固定资产加速折旧政策为切入点,选取2011—2023年中国沪深A股上市企业为研究样本,实证考察资本偏向型税收激励对劳动技能溢价的影响。研究表明：固定资产加速折旧政策扩大了企业劳动技能溢价,且这一效应在财务风险越高、行业市场势力越强及地区税收征管强度越低的企业中更为明显。机制分析发现,固定资产加速折旧政策通过资本—技能互补效应改变了劳动技能需求结构,引致劳动技能溢价提升;通过技能偏向型技术进步效应提升了高技能劳动力的生产效率,使其相较于低技能劳动力的边际产出更高,进而扩大劳动技能溢价。因此,不仅应通过强化职业培训提升低技能劳动者的就业竞争力,推动税制结构优化与劳动力市场有效衔接,还应根据市场主体差异实施企业分类调控策略,健全反垄断监管与税收征管机制,以促进劳动就业公平和实现共同富裕。

关键词: 税收政策, 税收激励, 固定资产加速折旧, 劳动技能溢价, 资本偏向型

Abstract: Labor skill premium is a critical determinant of income distribution. Investigating the impact of capital-biased tax incentives on labor skill premium is of great importance for designing tax policies that can simultaneously promote enterprise development and improve income distribution. Using the accelerated depreciation policy for fixed assets as a quasi-natural policy setting, this study examines the impact of capital-biased tax incentives on labor skill premium based on a sample of Chinese A-share listed firms in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2011 to 2023. The results show that the accelerated depreciation policy for fixed assets significantly increases firms’ labor skill premium. This effect is more pronounced among firms with higher financial risks, stronger market power within their industries, and lower regional tax enforcement intensity. Mechanism analysis reveals that the accelerated depreciation policy for fixed assets raises labor skill premium through two channels. First, by enhancing capital-skill complementarity, the policy alters the structure of labor skill demand and increases the relative demand for skilled workers, thereby widening the labor skill premium. Second, by inducing skill-biased technological progress, the policy improves the productivity of high-skilled labor, increasing their marginal output relative to low-skilled labor and consequently expanding the labor skill premium. Therefore, policy efforts should not only strengthen vocational training to enhance the employment competitiveness of low-skilled workers and promote the coordination between tax system optimization and labor market efficiency, but also implement differentiated regulatory strategies based on firm heterogeneity, improve antitrust oversight and tax administration mechanisms, and ultimately foster employment equity and advance common prosperity.

Key words: tax policy, tax incentives, accelerated depreciation for fixed assets, labor skill premium, capital-biased

中图分类号:

F244

刘志中, 牟国婷. 资本偏向型税收激励如何影响劳动技能溢价——基于固定资产加速折旧政策的检验[J]. 当代财经, 2026, 0(10): 56-69.

Liu Zhizhong, Mu Guoting. How Do Capital-Biased Tax Incentives Affect Labor Skill Premium: An Empirical Test Based on the Accelerated Depreciation Policy for Fixed Assets[J]. Contemporary Finance & Economics, 2026, 0(10): 56-69.

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