当代财经 ›› 2025, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (4): 84-96.

• 企业管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

人工智能赋能新质生产力的机制与效用研究——基于生产力要素新质化的视角

徐浩1,2, 肖毅2, 祝志勇1, 李浩2   

  1. 1.西南大学 经济管理学院,重庆 400715;
    2.伊犁师范大学 霍尔果斯商学院/新疆口岸经济发展与管理研究中心,新疆 伊犁 835000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-29 修回日期:2025-01-09 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-16
  • 通讯作者: 肖毅,伊犁师范大学助教,硕士,主要从事数字经济学研究,联系方式xy1556@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:徐浩,西南大学副教授,伊犁师范大学研究员,经济学博士,主要从事数字经济学研究;祝志勇,西南大学教授,博士生导师,经济学博士,主要从事政治经济学研究;李浩,伊犁师范大学助教,硕士,主要从事数字经济学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目“数智赋能西北边境陆路口岸跨境物流高质量发展的机制与路径研究”(23BJY231); 重庆市社会科学规划项目“同群行为视角下政府创新补贴绩效评价与提升对策研究”(2021NDYB080); 西南大学创新研究2035先导计划项目(SWUPilotPlan025)

Research on the Mechanism and Utility of Artificial Intelligence Empowering New Quality Productivity: From the Perspective of New Quality of Productivity Factors

Xu Hao1,2, Xiao Yi2, Zhu Zhi-yong1, Li Hao2   

  1. 1. Southwest University, Chongqing 400715;
    2. Ili Normal University, Ili 835000, China
  • Received:2024-05-29 Revised:2025-01-09 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-16

摘要: 人工智能如何推动新质生产力的形成已成为我国经济社会发展面临的重大理论和现实问题。基于马克思主义生产力理论进行的机制分析发现,人工智能推动生产力要素发生一般性新质化,生成了新质劳动资料和新质劳动力,这两者的结合通过智能化生产和销售降低了劳动力投入和销售成本,提高了生产和销售效率,从而推动了新质生产力发展;生产关系对人工智能效应的发挥具有重要的调节作用。以2010—2022年3931家A股上市公司的数据为样本,采用双向固定效应模型的实证分析结果初步验证了人工智能对新质生产力的促进作用,内生性和稳健性检验确保了结论的有效性。机制检验结果显示,劳动力投入和销售成本在上述关系中均发挥了部分中介效应,直接效应和间接效应均显著;生产关系中的知识产权保护和地方公共数据开放度均能显著增强人工智能对新质生产力的促进作用。异质性检验结果表明,人工智能对不同地区和行业的新质生产力均具有显著的促进作用,对西部地区和服务业的推动作用更强。据此,加快新质生产力的形成应重视生成新质生产要素、调适生产关系以及加大财政金融支持。

关键词: 人工智能, 新质生产力, 生产关系, 生产要素

Abstract: How artificial intelligence can promote the formation of new quality productivity has become a major theoretical and practical issue faced by China’s economic and social development. Based on Marxist productivity theory, this paper conducts a mechanism analysis. The findings show that artificial intelligence can promote the general transformation of productivity factors, generating new quality labor materials and labor force. The combination of these two can reduce labor input and sales costs through intelligent production and sales, improve production and sales efficiency, and thus promote the development of new quality productivity. The production relations play an important regulatory role in the effectiveness of artificial intelligence. Taking the data from 3931 A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2022 as samples, this paper makes use of a two-way fixed effects model for an empirical analysis. The preliminary results have confirmed the promoting effect of artificial intelligence on new quality productivity, and the endogeneity and robustness tests ensured the validity of the conclusion. The mechanism test results reveal that labor input and sales costs both play a partial mediating role in the above relationship, with significant direct and indirect effects. The protection of intellectual property rights and the openness of local public data in production relations can both significantly enhance the promoting effect of artificial intelligence on new quality productivity. The heterogeneity test results indicate that artificial intelligence has a significant promoting effect on the new quality productivity of different regions and industries, with a stronger driving effect on the western region and the service industry. Accordingly, in order to accelerate the formation of new quality productivity, attention should be paid to generating new quality production factors, adjusting production relations, and increasing fiscal and financial support.

Key words: artificial intelligence, new quality productivity, production relations, production factors

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